首项系统研究报告脉冲星J1544+4937的食截止频率变化
First systematic study reporting the changes in eclipse cut-off frequency for pulsar J1544+4937
AI总结：
本研究通过uGMRT对黑寡妇型毫秒脉冲星PSR J1544+4937开展长期监测，首次系统发现其食截止频率存在多时间尺度的显著变化，证实伴星质量损失率与该频率相关，为蜘蛛型MSP的食环境动态演化提供直接证据。
摘要：
我们展示了对PSR J1544+4937射电辐射的频率相关食现象的长期监测结果，该脉冲星是处于致密双星系统中的“黑寡妇”型毫秒脉冲星（MSP）。这类系统大多会出现持续时间较长的射电食，成因是伴星的被烧蚀物质。借助升级后的巨型米波射电望远镜（uGMRT）的宽光谱带宽，我们开展了首项关于食截止频率时间变化的系统研究。通过对PSR J1544+4937的39次食现象长达十年的监测，我们发现观测到的截止频率存在显著变化，范围从343±7 MHz到大于740 MHz。我们还在数十天的时间尺度上监测了食截止频率的变化，发现在间隔22天的观测之间，最大变化量不低于315 MHz。此外，我们观测到相邻轨道（即约2.9小时的时间尺度）之间食截止频率的变化约为47 MHz。我们推断，食截止频率的此类变化表明PSR J1544+4937系统的食环境处于动态演化中，其中除电子密度变化外，磁场也可能在发生变化。我们还报告了食截止频率与伴星质量损失率之间存在显著相关性。这项研究提供了首个直接证据，表明质量损失率会影响蜘蛛型毫秒脉冲星中与频率相关的食现象。
英文摘要：
We present results from a long-term monitoring of frequency dependent eclipses of the radio emission from PSR J1544+4937 which is a ``black widow spider'' millisecond pulsar (MSP) in a compact binary system. The majority of such systems often exhibit relatively long duration radio eclipses caused by ablated material from their companion stars. With the wide spectral bandwidth of upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (uGMRT), we present first systematic study of temporal variation of eclipse cut-off frequency. With decade-long monitoring of 39 eclipses for PSR J1544+4937, we notice significant changes in the observed cut-off frequency ranging from 343 $\pm$ 7 MHz to > 740 MHz. We also monitored changes in eclipse cut-off frequency on timescales of tens of days and observed a maximum change of $\ge$ 315 MHz between observations that were separated by 22 days. In addition, we observed a change of $\sim$ 47 MHz in eclipse cut-off frequency between adjacent orbits, i.e. on timescales of $\sim 2.9$ hours. We infer that such changes in the eclipse cut-off frequency depict an eclipse environment for the PSR J1544+4937 system that is dynamically evolving, where, along with the change in electron density, the magnetic field could also be varying. We also report a significant correlation between the eclipse cut-off frequency and the mass loss rate of the companion. This study provides the first direct evidence of mass loss rate affecting the frequency dependent eclipsing in a spider MSP.
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