Further Development of Event-Based Analysis of X-ray Polarization Data
Herman L. Marshall
备注：
8 pages, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal. This version contains several modifications to various equations and a "note added in proof"
An event-based maximum likelihood method for handling X-ray polarimetry data is extended to include the effects of background and nonuniform sampling of the possible position angle space. While nonuniform sampling in position angle space generally introduces cross terms in the uncertainties of polarization parameters that could create degeneracies, there are interesting cases that engender no bias or parameter covariance. When including background in Poisson-based likelihood formulation, the formula for the minimum detectable polarization (MDP) has nearly the same form as for the case of Gaussian statistics derived by Elsner et al. (2012) in the limiting case of an unpolarized signal. A polarized background is also considered, which demonstrably increases uncertainties in source polarization measurements. In addition, a Kolmogorov-style test of the event position angle distribution is proposed that can provide an unbinned test of models where the polarization angle in Stokes space depends on event characteristics such as time or energy.
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色球磁场对于了解太阳大气中高能事件的动力学具有极其重要的意义。在科代卡纳尔太阳观测站，过去研制了几台偏振计，用于研究活动区的磁场。一台新的偏振计已经研制完成并安装在Kodaikanal塔-隧道望远镜上，用于研究Ca II $8542~Å$谱线中色球水平的活动区。仪器和旋光策略的设计方面进行了讨论。望远镜仪器的偏振已经被重新审视，并提出了减少偏振的可能方法。本文讨论了Zemax提出的用来检验分析仪器偏振模型的望远镜偏振模型。简要介绍了旋光仪控制单元和旋光仪操作软件。文中介绍了仪器的偏振定标、观测结果、仪器偏振改正和样品斯托克斯剖面。极化精度和灵敏度分别优于$3\times10^{-2}$和$3\times 10^{-3}$。
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