亚临界势阶中的动态辅助粒子对产生及粒子—反粒子解释
Dynamically assisted pair production in subcritical potential step and particle--anti-particle interpretations
AI总结：
本文研究亚临界势阶与弱振荡电场协同导致的动态辅助粒子对产生，并比较两种粒子—反粒子解释在二阶微扰下的定量差异。
摘要：
在量子场论框架下，空间非均匀外场中的粒子—反粒子解释是一个非平凡问题。本文聚焦于 [Phys. Rev. D 93, 045002 (2016)] 与 [Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 2022, 073B02 (2022)] 中建立的两种解释，二者在真空不稳定性和粒子对产生方面给出了一致结果。为阐明二者差异，文中讨论了由弱振荡电场辅助的势阶下的粒子对产生。结果表明，势阶和振荡场各自都不足以导致真空衰变，但二者结合时却能够产生粒子对。此外，在振荡场的二阶微扰下，两种图像在所产生粒子对的数量上表现出定量差异。通过将结果与数值模拟或实验进行比较，这或许可为研究正确的粒子—反粒子解释提供线索。
英文摘要：
Particle--anti-particle interpretation under spatially inhomogeneous external fields within the framework of quantum field theory is a nontrivial problem. In this paper, we focus on the two interpretations established in [Phys. Rev. D 93, 045002 (2016)] and [Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 2022, 073B02 (2022)], both of which give consistent results of vacuum instability and pair production. To shed light on their differences, a pair production under a potential step assisted by a weak and oscillating electric field is discussed. It is shown that the potential step and the oscillating field, each insufficient for vacuum decay, can produce pairs when combined. In addition, the two pictures give rise to quantitative differences in the number of created pairs at the second-order perturbation of the oscillating field. It might provide a clue to investigate the correct particle--anti-particle interpretation by comparing the result with numerical simulations or experiments.
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