一个在50分钟内消失的明亮三重瞬变源
A bright triple transient that vanished within 50 minutes
AI总结：
基于帕洛马天文台1952年观测及2023年加那利大型望远镜深度曝光，报告三个约15星等的点源在1小时内消失且71年未再现，提出前景引力透镜放大短暂发光背景天体的解释。
摘要：
我们基于1952年7月19日在帕洛马天文台（POSS I红板和蓝板）的两次连续曝光，报告了三个光学明亮、约15星等、彼此相距10角秒内的点源在1小时内消失的现象。在71年间，以约21星等的探测阈值进行的望远镜曝光中，这三个点源持续未被探测到。我们于2023年4月25日和27日使用10.4米加那利大型望远镜获得了r波段和g波段的两次深度曝光，两者均达到25.5星等（3σ）。这三个点源仍然缺失，这意味着它们在一小时内变暗了超过10个星等。当它们在1952年明亮时，最孤立的瞬变源的轮廓与比较星几乎相同，表明这些源的角尺寸小于亚角秒，并且没有因运动而表现出拉长。这个三重瞬变源具有与其他案例相似的可观测特性，在这些案例中，一组瞬变源（“多重瞬变源”）在底片曝光期间于一个小区域内出现并消失。这三个瞬变源以及先前报告的案例的解释仍不清楚。涉及背景天体在不到一小时内光学发光，并伴有前景引力透镜效应的模型似乎是合理的。如果是这样，则需要大量具有结构的大质量天体作为透镜以产生三个像，来解释数百个亚小时瞬变源。
英文摘要：
We report on three optically bright, ~15th mag, point-sources within 10 arcsec of each other that vanished within 1 hour, based on two consecutive exposures at Palomar Observatory on 1952 July 19 (POSS I Red and Blue). The three point-sources have continued to be absent in telescope exposures during 71 years with detection thresholds of ~21st mag. We obtained two deep exposures with the 10.4-m Gran Telescopio Canarias on 25 and 27 April 2023 in r and g-band, both reaching magnitude 25.5 (3-sigma). The three point-sources are still absent, implying they have dimmed by more than 10 magnitudes within an hour. When bright in 1952, the most isolated transient source has a profile nearly the same as comparison stars, implying the sources are sub-arcsec in angular size and they exhibit no elongation due to movement. This triple transient has observed properties similar to other cases where groups of transients ("multiple transients") have appeared and vanished in a small region within a plate exposure. The explanation for these three transients and the previously reported cases remains unclear. Models involving background objects that are optically luminous for less than one hour coupled with foreground gravitational lensing seem plausible. If so, a significant population of massive objects with structure serving as the lenses, to produce three images, are required to explain the hundreds of sub-hour transients.
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