可扩展的从头算协议：用于量子模拟SU($N$)$\ imes$U(1)晶格规范理论
Scalable, ab initio protocol for quantum simulating SU($N$)$\times$U(1) Lattice Gauge Theories
AI总结：
提出利用碱土金属类原子在光学晶格中可扩展量子模拟SU($N$)$\ imes$U(1)晶格规范理论的从头算协议，结合SU($N$)赝自旋对称性与强轨道间相互作用，并定量分析实验稳定性要求。
摘要：
我们提出了一种协议，用于在一维和二维系统中的光学晶格内，利用碱土金属类原子对SU($N$)$\ imes$U(1)晶格规范理论进行可扩展的量子模拟。该协议利用了此类原子物种特有的自然SU($N$)赝自旋对称性与强轨道间相互作用的结合。对微观动力学的详细从头算研究表明，规范不变性如何在可访问的参数区域中涌现，并使我们能够识别模拟此类理论的主要挑战。我们提供了关于实验稳定性要求的定量结果，这些要求与观察规范不变动力学相关，这是深入分析此类理论在量子模拟器和量子计算机中运作的关键要素。
英文摘要：
We propose a protocol for the scalable quantum simulation of SU($N$)$\times$U(1) lattice gauge theories with alkaline-earth like atoms in optical lattices in both one- and two-dimensional systems. The protocol exploits the combination of naturally occurring SU($N$) pseudo-spin symmetry and strong inter-orbital interactions that is unique to such atomic species. A detailed ab initio study of the microscopic dynamics shows how gauge invariance emerges in an accessible parameter regime, and allows us to identify the main challenges in the simulation of such theories. We provide quantitative results about the requirements in terms of experimental stability in relation to observing gauge invariant dynamics, a key element for a deeper analysis on the functioning of such class of theories in both quantum simulators and computers.
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