基于神经网络与谱聚类的气候模式大集合及卫星测高数据数十年海平面预测
Multi-decadal Sea Level Prediction using Neural Networks and Spectral Clustering on Climate Model Large Ensembles and Satellite Altimeter Data
AI总结:
本研究融合卫星测高观测与气候模式模拟数据,采用结合谱聚类分区的全连接神经网络监督学习框架,以2度分辨率预测未来30年全球海平面趋势并提供不确定性估计,验证了谱聚类分区对预测效果的提升作用。
摘要:
1993年以来卫星测高提供的海面高度观测显示,全球平均海平面上升速率为3.4毫米/年。过去30年海平面平均上升了10厘米,但海平面变化存在显著的区域差异。通过本研究,我们以2度空间分辨率预测未来30年的海平面趋势,并探究海平面变化的未来模式。我们展示了机器学习(ML)在全球海洋长期海平面预测这一具有挑战性的应用中的潜力。我们的方法融合了来自测高观测和气候模式模拟的海平面数据。我们开发了一个使用全连接神经网络(FCNNs)的监督学习框架,该框架可基于气候模式预估预测海平面趋势。除此之外,我们的方法还能提供与机器学习预测相关的不确定性估计。我们还验证了对空间数据集进行分区并为每个分割区域学习专用机器学习模型的有效性。我们比较了两种分区策略:一种利用领域知识实现,另一种采用谱聚类。我们的结果表明,使用谱聚类对空间数据集进行分割可提升机器学习的预测效果。
英文摘要:
Sea surface height observations provided by satellite altimetry since 1993 show a rising rate (3.4 mm/year) for global mean sea level. While on average, sea level has risen 10 cm over the last 30 years, there is considerable regional variation in the sea level change. Through this work, we predict sea level trends 30 years into the future at a 2-degree spatial resolution and investigate the future patterns of the sea level change. We show the potential of machine learning (ML) in this challenging application of long-term sea level forecasting over the global ocean. Our approach incorporates sea level data from both altimeter observations and climate model simulations. We develop a supervised learning framework using fully connected neural networks (FCNNs) that can predict the sea level trend based on climate model projections. Alongside this, our method provides uncertainty estimates associated with the ML prediction. We also show the effectiveness of partitioning our spatial dataset and learning a dedicated ML model for each segmented region. We compare two partitioning strategies: one achieved using domain knowledge, and the other employing spectral clustering. Our results demonstrate that segmenting the spatial dataset with spectral clustering improves the ML predictions.
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