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arXiv 2310.04450cs.CLcs.AI
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基于评价理论探究大语言模型的情绪感知

Investigating Large Language Models' Perception of Emotion Using Appraisal Theory

Khoury College of Computer Science Northeastern University Massachusetts, USA

Nutchanon Yongsatianchot, Parisa Ghanad Torshizi, Stacy Marsella

AI总结:

本研究借助评价与应对理论及SCPQ问卷,探究三款OpenAI大语言模型的情绪感知,发现其在评价应对动态上与人类相似,但关键评价维度差异、反应幅度与人类有别,且对指令和提问方式敏感,丰富了大模型心理层面的研究。

摘要:

近年来,ChatGPT等大语言模型(LLM)取得了显著进展,如今已被普通大众广泛使用。随着越来越多的人与这类系统交互,加深我们对这些黑箱模型的理解至关重要,尤其是在它们对人类心理层面的理解方面。本研究借助评价与应对理论的视角,采用压力与应对过程问卷(Stress and Coping Process Questionaire, SCPQ)探究大语言模型的情绪感知。SCPQ是一种经过验证的临床工具,包含多个随时间推进的故事,这些故事在可控性、可变性等关键评价变量上存在差异。我们将SCPQ应用于OpenAI的三款最新大语言模型——davinci-003、ChatGPT和GPT-4,并将结果与评价理论的预测及人类数据进行对比。结果显示,大语言模型的反应在评价与应对的动态性方面与人类相似,但它们的反应并未如理论和数据预测的那样,在关键评价维度上呈现出差异。在多个变量上,它们的反应幅度也与人类存在较大差异。我们还发现,GPT类模型对指令以及提问方式相当敏感。本研究补充了日益增多的大语言模型心理层面评估相关文献,有助于丰富我们对现有模型的理解。

英文摘要:

Large Language Models (LLM) like ChatGPT have significantly advanced in recent years and are now being used by the general public. As more people interact with these systems, improving our understanding of these black box models is crucial, especially regarding their understanding of human psychological aspects. In this work, we investigate their emotion perception through the lens of appraisal and coping theory using the Stress and Coping Process Questionaire (SCPQ). SCPQ is a validated clinical instrument consisting of multiple stories that evolve over time and differ in key appraisal variables such as controllability and changeability. We applied SCPQ to three recent LLMs from OpenAI, davinci-003, ChatGPT, and GPT-4 and compared the results with predictions from the appraisal theory and human data. The results show that LLMs' responses are similar to humans in terms of dynamics of appraisal and coping, but their responses did not differ along key appraisal dimensions as predicted by the theory and data. The magnitude of their responses is also quite different from humans in several variables. We also found that GPTs can be quite sensitive to instruction and how questions are asked. This work adds to the growing literature evaluating the psychological aspects of LLMs and helps enrich our understanding of the current models.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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