在首次通过渗流（first-passage percolation）模型中，人们将非负独立同分布随机变量(T(e))放置在Z^d的边上。测地线是关于通过时间T(e)的最优路径。我们考虑时间环境的一种局部性质，称之为模式（pattern）。本文研究测地线穿过该模式的一个平移的次数。当假设通过时间的公共分布满足合适的矩假设时，文献[Antonin Jacquet. Geodesics in first-passage percolation cross any pattern, arXiv:2204.02021, 2023]已证明：除了一个概率呈指数级小的事件外，该次数与测地线两端点之间的距离呈线性关系。本文完善了这项研究，证明当考虑支撑无界且无任何矩假设的分布，或通过时间可能为无穷的分布时，该结果仍然成立。本文的证明技术与前述文章不同，依赖于惩罚测地线（penalized geodesic）的概念。
英文摘要：
In first-passage percolation, one places nonnegative i.i.d. random variables (T(e)) on the edges of Z^d. A geodesic is an optimal path for the passage times T(e). Consider a local property of the time environment. We call it a pattern. We investigate the number of times a geodesic crosses a translate of this pattern. When we assume that the common distribution of the passage times satisfies a suitable moment assumption, it is shown in [Antonin Jacquet. Geodesics in first-passage percolation cross any pattern, arXiv:2204.02021, 2023] that, apart from an event with exponentially small probability, this number is linear in the distance between the extremities of the geodesic. This paper completes this study by showing that this result remains true when we consider distributions with an unbounded support without any moment assumption or distributions with possibly infinite passage times. The techniques of proof differ from the preceding article and rely on a notion of penalized geodesic.
We give the first properties of independent Bernoulli percolation, for oriented graphs on the set of vertices $\Z^d$ that are translation-invariant and may contain loops. We exhibit some examples showing that the critical probability for the existence of an infinite cluster may be direction-dependent. Then, we prove that the phase transition in a given direction is sharp, and study the links between percolation and first-passage percolation on these oriented graphs.
We consider the model of i.i.d. first passage percolation on $\mathbb{Z}^d$ : we associate with each edge $e$ of the graph a passage time $t(e)$ taking values in $[0,+\infty]$, such that $\mathbb{P}[t(e)<+\infty] >p_c(d)$. Equivalently, we consider a standard (finite) i.i.d. first passage percolation model on a super-critical Bernoulli percolation performed independently. We prove a weak shape theorem without any moment assumption. We also prove that the corresponding time constant is positive if and only if $\mathbb{P}[t(e)=0]<p_c(d)$.
We show that the number of maximal paths in directed last-passage percolation on the hypercubic lattice ${\mathbb Z}^d$ $(d\geq2)$ in which weights take finitely many values is typically exponentially large.
The non-random fluctuation is one of the central objects in first passage percolation. It was proved in [Shuta Nakajima. Divergence of non-random fluctuation in First Passage Percolation. {\em Electron. Commun. Probab.} 24 (65), 1-13. 2019.] that for a particular asymptotic direction, it diverges in a lattice first passage percolation with an explicit lower bound. In this paper, we discuss the non-random fluctuation in Euclidean first passage percolations and show that it diverges in dimension $d\geq 2$ in this model also. Compared with the result in \cite{N19}, the present result is proved fo…
We introduce a new first passage percolation model in a Poissonian environment on $\mathbb{R}^{2}$. In this model, the action of a path depends on the geometry of the path and the travel time. We prove that the transversal fluctuation exponent for point-to-line action minimizers is at least $3/5$.
In this paper, we study the maximal edge-traversal time (simply we call maximal weight hereafter) on the optimal paths in the first passage percolation for several edge distributions, including the Pareto and Weibull distributions. It is known to be unbounded when the edge distribution has unbounded support [J. van den Berg and H. Kesten. Inequalities for the time constant in first-passage percolation. Ann. Appl. Probab. 56-80, 1993]. We determine the order of the growth up to a multiplicative constant.
We consider the first passage percolation model on the square lattice with an edge weight distribution F. In this paper, we consider the number of optimal paths for two points separated by a long distance. We show that there is a phase transition in the sub-criticality and the criticality.
We consider first-passage percolation on the edges of $\mathbb{Z}^2 \times \{1, \cdots, k\},$ namely the slab $\mathbb{S}_k$ of width $k$. Each edge is assigned independently a passage time of either 0 (with probability $p_c(\mathbb{S}_k)$) or 1 ( with probability $1-p_c(\mathbb{S}_k)$) where $p_c$ is the critical probability for Bernouilli percolation. We prove central limit theorems for point-to-point and point-to-line passage times. These generalize the results of Kesten and Zhang \cite{kestenzhang} to non-planar graphs.
In this paper we consider first passage percolation on the square lattice \(\mathbb{Z}^d\) with passage times that are independent and have bounded \(p^{th}\) moment for some \(p > 6(1+d),\) but not necessarily identically distributed. For integer \(n \geq 1,\) let \(T(0,n)\) be the minimum time needed to reach the point \((n,\mathbf{0})\) from the origin. We prove that \(\frac{1}{n}\left(T(0,n) - \mathbb{E}T(0,n)\right)\) converges to zero in \(L^2\) and use a subsequence argument to obtain almost sure convergence. As a corollary, for i.i.d. passage times, we also obtain the usual almost sure…
We consider first-passage percolation on the edges of $\mathbb{Z}^2 \times k,$ namely the slab of width $k$. Each edge is assigned independently a passage time of either 0 (with probability $1-p_c(\mathbb{S}_k)$) or 1 ((with probability $p_c(\mathbb{S}_k)$) where $p_c$ is the critical probability. We prove central limit theorems for point-to-point and point-to-line passage times. These generalize the results of [Kesten and Zhang] to non-planar graphs.
In this paper we prove a duality relation between coalescence times and exit points in last-passage percolation models with exponential weights. As a consequence, we get lower bounds for coalescence times with scaling exponent 3/2, and we relate its distribution with variational problems involving the Brownian motion process and the Airy process.
We consider two different objects on super-critical Bernoulli percolation on $\mathbb{Z}^d$ : the time constant for i.i.d. first-passage percolation (for $d\geq 2$) and the isoperimetric constant (for $d=2$). We prove that both objects are continuous with respect to the law of the environment. More precisely we prove that the isoperimetric constant of supercritical percolation in $\mathbb{Z}^2$ is continuous in the percolation parameter. As a corollary we prove that normalized sets achieving the isoperimetric constant are continuous with respect to the Hausdroff metric. Concerning first-passag…
We consider first passage percolation with i.i.d. weights on edges of the d-dimensional cubic lattice. Under the assumptions that a weight is equal to zero with probability smaller than the critical probability of bond percolation in the d-dimensional cubic lattice, and has moments bigger than 1, we investigate upper bounds on the so-called non-random fluctuations of the model. In addition, we give an application of our result to a lower bound for variance of the first passage percolation in the case where the limit shape has flat edges.
In this note we investigate the last passage percolation model in the presence of macroscopic inhomogeneity. We analyze how this affects the scaling limit of the passage time, leading to a variational problem that provides an ODE for the deterministic limiting shape of the maximal path. We obtain a sufficient analytical condition for uniqueness of the solution for the variational problem. Consequences for the totally asymmetric simple exclusion process are discussed.
We study the rate of convergence in the Shape Theorem of first-passage percolation, obtaining the precise asymptotic rate of decay for the probability of linear order deviations under a moment condition. Our results are stated for a given time and complements recent work by the same author, in which the rate of convergence was studied from the standard spatial perspective.
In this paper, we study some properties of optimal paths in the first passage percolation on $\Z^d$ and show the followings: (1) the number of optimal paths has an exponential growth if the distribution has an atom; (2) the means of intersection and union of optimal paths are linear in the distance. For the proofs, we use the configuration--flipping argument introduced in [J. van den Berg and H. Kesten. Inequalities for the time constant in first-passage percolation. Ann. Appl. Probab. 56-80, 1993] with suitable adaptions.
This paper studies the first passage percolation (FPP) model: each edge in the cubic lattice is assigned a random passage time, and consideration is given to the behavior of the percolation region $B(t)$, which consists of those vertices that can be reached from the origin within a time $t > 0$. Cox and Durrett showed the shape theorem for the percolation region, saying that the normalized region $B(t)/t$ converges to some limit shape $\mathcal{B}$. This paper introduces a general FPP model defined on crystal lattices, and shows the monotonicity of the limit shapes under covering maps, thereby…
A universality property for last-passage percolation paths close to the axis
在$Z_+^2$中考虑最后一次通过定向渗流模型，其中i.i.d.其公共分布具有有限$(2+p)$阶矩的权重。我们研究了从原点到点$\big(n,n^{\lfloor a \rfloor}\big)$的通过时间的涨落。我们发现，对于合适的$a$（取决于$p$），这个数量，适当缩放，收敛分布为$n\to\infty$的Tracy-Widom分布，无论潜在的权重分布。该论点使用耦合到布朗定向渗流问题和Komlós，Major和Tusnády的强近似。
In first-passage percolation, one places nonnegative i.i.d. random variables (T (e)) on the edges of Z d. A geodesic is an optimal path for the passage times T (e). Consider a local property of the time environment. We call it a pattern. We investigate the number of times a geodesic crosses a translate of this pattern. Under mild conditions, we show that, apart from an event with exponentially small probability, this number is linear in the distance between the extremities of the geodesic.
The Euclidean first-passage percolation model of Howard and Newman is a rotationally invariant percolation model built on a Poisson point process. It is known that the passage time between 0 and $ne_1$ obeys a diffusive upper bound: $\mbox{Var}\, T(0,ne_1) \leq Cn$, and in this paper we improve this inequality to $Cn/\log n$. The methods follow the strategy used for sublinear variance proofs on the lattice, using the Falik-Samorodnitsky inequality and a Bernoulli encoding, but with substantial technical difficulties. To deal with the different setup of the Euclidean model, we represent the pas…
We consider planar stationary exponential Last Passage Percolation in the positive quadrant with boundary weights. For $ρ\in (0,1)$ and points $v_N=((1-ρ)^2 N,ρ^2 N)$ going to infinity along the characteristic direction, we establish right tail estimates with the optimal exponent for the exit time of the geodesic, along with optimal exponent estimates for the upper tail moderate deviations for the passage time. For the case $ρ=\frac{1}{2}$ in the stationary model, we establish the lower bound estimate with the optimal exponent for the lower tail of the passage time. Our arguments are based on …
We consider first-passage percolation with i.i.d. non-negative weights coming from some continuous distribution under a moment condition. We review recent results in the study of geodesics in first-passage percolation and study their implications for the multi-type Richardson model. In two dimensions this establishes a dual relation between the existence of infinite geodesics and coexistence among competing types. The argument amounts to making precise the heuristic that infinite geodesics can be thought of as `highways to infinity'. We explain the limitations of the current techniques by pres…
We study the time constant $μ(e_{1})$ in first passage percolation on $\mathbb Z^{d}$ as a function of the dimension. We prove that if the passage times have finite mean, $$\lim_{d \to \infty} \frac{μ(e_{1}) d}{\log d} = \frac{1}{2a},$$ where $a \in [0,\infty]$ is a constant that depends only on the behavior of the distribution of the passage times at $0$. For the same class of distributions, we also prove that the limit shape is not an Euclidean ball, nor a $d$-dimensional cube or diamond, provided that $d$ is large enough.
We consider first-passage percolation on $\mathbb{Z}^2$ with i.i.d. weights, whose distribution function satisfies $F(0) = p_c = 1/2$. This is sometimes known as the "critical case" because large clusters of zero-weight edges force passage times to grow at most logarithmically, giving zero time constant. Denote $T(\mathbf{0}, \partial B(n))$ as the passage time from the origin to the boundary of the box $[-n,n] \times [-n,n]$. We characterize the limit behavior of $T(\mathbf{0}, \partial B(n))$ by conditions on the distribution function $F$. We also give exact conditions under which $T(\mathbf…
We consider large random planar maps and study the first-passage percolation distance obtained by assigning independent identically distributed lengths to the edges. We consider the cases of quadrangulations and of general planar maps. In both cases, the first-passage percolation distance is shown to behave in large scales like a constant times the usual graph distance. We apply our method to the metric properties of the classical Tutte bijection between quadrangulations with $n$ faces and general planar maps with $n$ edges. We prove that the respective graph distances on the quadrangulation a…
A simple lemma bounds $\mathrm{s.d.}(T)/\mathbb{E} T$ for hitting times $T$ in Markov chains with a certain strong monotonicity property. We show how this lemma may be applied to several increasing set-valued processes. Our main result concerns a model of first passage percolation on a finite graph, where the traversal times of edges are independent Exponentials with arbitrary rates. Consider the percolation time $X$ between two arbitrary vertices. We prove that $\mathrm{s.d.}(X)/\mathbb{E} X$ is small if and only if $Ξ/\mathbb{E} X$ is small, where $Ξ$ is the maximal edge-traversal time in th…
We consider an interacting particle system on the lattice involving pushing and blocking interactions, called PushASEP, in the presence of a wall at the origin. We show that the invariant measure of this system is equal in distribution to a vector of point-to-line last passage percolation times in a random geometrically distributed environment. The largest co-ordinates in both of these vectors are equal in distribution to the all-time supremum of a non-colliding random walk.
The aim of this article is to study the forest composed by point-to-line geodesics in the last-passage percolation model with exponential weights. We will show that the location of the root can be described in terms of the maxima of a random walk, whose distribution will depend on the geometry of the substrate (line). For flat substrates, we will get power law behaviour of the height function, study its scaling limit, and describe it in terms of variational problems involving the Airy process.
A law of the iterated logarithm is established for the last passage times of directed percolation on rectangles in the plane over exponential or geometric independent random variables, rescaled to converge to the Tracy-Widom distribution. The normalization is of loglog type, in contrast with the log normalization for the largest eigenvalue of a GUE matrix recently put forward by E. Paquette and O. Zeitouni. The proof relies on sharp tail bounds and superadditivity, close to the standard law of the iterated logarithm. A weaker result for the liminf is also discussed.
