针对含数百个手性分子的气态样品的单次非破坏性量子传感
Single-shot Non-destructive Quantum Sensing for Gaseous Samples with Hundreds of Chiral Molecules
AI总结：
针对微量手性物质高效识别的需求，提出结合微波对映体特异性态转移与微波谐振腔辅助非破坏探测的单次量子传感方法，可高置信度识别数百至数千分子的气态样品手性，有望拓展至单分子水平。
摘要：
对微量手性物质（尤其是单分子水平）实现高效手性识别的需求十分迫切。为此，我们提出了一种解决该问题的单次非破坏性量子传感方法。我们的方案分为两个步骤：第一步，通过微波对映体特异性态转移，将两种对映体制备到不同的转动态，随后将手性识别问题转化为量子假设检验问题；第二步，我们首次将微波谐振腔辅助的非破坏性量子态探测技术引入手性识别领域，通过输出信号的符号判定分子手性。我们以典型手性分子1,2-丙二醇为例，结合基于球形法布里-珀罗腔的实验可行模型进行验证，结果表明，对于含10²-10³个分子的慢速运动对映纯气态样品，可通过单次探测高置信度地识别其分子手性。若进一步囚禁手性分子，我们的方法有望实现单分子水平的手性识别。
英文摘要：
Chiral discrimination that is efficient to tiny amounts of chiral substances, especially at the single-molecule level, is highly demanded. Here, we propose a single-shot nondestructive quantum sensing method addressing such an issue. Our scheme consists of two steps. In the first step, the two enantiomers are prepared in different rotational states via microwave enantio-specific state transfer. Then, the chiral discrimination is transferred to quantum hypothesis testing. In the second step, we for the first time introduce a non-destructive quantum-state detection technique assisted with a microwave resonator to chiral discrimination, through which the molecular chirality is determined by the sign of the output signals. Using a typical chiral molecule, 1,2-propanediol, and an experimentally feasible model based on spherical Fabry-Pérot cavity, we show that the molecular chirality of slowly moving enantiopure gaseous samples with $10^2 - 10^3$ molecules can be highly credibly distinguished in a single-shot detection. By further trapping chiral molecules, it is promising to achieve chiral discrimination at the single molecule level by using our approach.
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