利用光子计数 X 射线计算机断层扫描直接比较两种水溶液的等压与等容玻璃化
Direct Comparison of Isobaric and Isochoric Vitrification of Two Aqueous Solutions with Photon Counting X-Ray Computed Tomography
AI总结：
本文采用光子计数 X 射线 CT，并通过可移动活塞控制边界条件，直接比较两种水溶液在等容与等压冷却中的玻璃化、成冰及空腔形态差异。
摘要：
玻璃化是实现生物材料无冰低温保存的一种有前景的方法，但用于研究玻璃化物质内部过程的实验工具有限，阻碍了相关进展。等容低温保存腔通常为金属材质，其不透明性使直接目视观察无法进行。在本研究中，我们引入光子计数 X 射线计算机断层扫描（CT），以比较在冷却两种水溶液（50 wt% DMSO 和珊瑚玻璃化溶液 CVS1）过程中，刚性等容条件与无约束等压条件对玻璃化和冰形成的影响。以往研究仅将等容系统中的玻璃化与具有暴露气液界面的等压系统进行比较。我们使用可移动活塞来复现等容系统的表面和热边界条件，同时维持等压条件。在控制边界条件后，我们发现在等容和等压条件下冷却期间会形成相似的冰和蒸气体积分数。有趣的是，我们观察到等容系统中存在明显不同的冰和蒸汽腔形态，这可能是由于快速冷却导致受限系统内压力下降，从而引起蒸汽脱气或空化。这些观察结果突显了受限含水系统玻璃化过程中发生的一系列热流体过程，并推动光子计数 X 射线 CT 等成像技术在玻璃化基础研究中的进一步应用。
英文摘要：
Vitrification is a promising approach for ice-free cryopreservation of biological material, but progress is hindered by the limited set of experimental tools for studying processes in the interior of the vitrified matter. Isochoric cryopreservation chambers are often metallic, and their opacity prevents direct visual observation. In this study, we introduce photon counting X-ray computed tomography (CT) to compare the effects of rigid isochoric and unconfined isobaric conditions on vitrification and ice formation during cooling of two aqueous solutions: 50 wt% DMSO and a coral vitrification solution, CVS1. Previous studies have only compared vitrification in isochoric systems with isobaric systems that have an exposed air-liquid interface. We use a movable piston to replicate the surface and thermal boundary conditions of the isochoric system yet maintain isobaric conditions. When controlling for the boundary conditions we find that similar ice and vapor volume fractions form during cooling in isochoric and isobaric conditions. Interestingly, we observe distinct ice and vapor cavity morphology in the isochoric systems, possibly due to vapor outgassing or cavitation as rapid cooling causes the pressure to drop in the confined systems. These observations highlight the array of thermo-fluidic processes that occur during vitrification in confined aqueous systems and motivate the further application of imaging techniques such as photon counting X-ray CT in fundamental studies of vitrification.
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