量子色动力学中的动力学手征对称性破缺：微妙而复杂
Dynamical Chiral Symmetry Breaking in Quantum Chromo Dynamics: Delicate and Intricate
AI总结：
本文研究QCD中轻夸克的动力学手征对称性破缺，揭示其作为微妙效应靠近临界点，并通过夸克-胶子顶点等三点函数的自洽张量分量间的复杂相互作用得以确立。
摘要：
量子色动力学（QCD）中轻夸克的动力学手征对称性破缺（DCSB）是理解强子物理（即强子的谱与结构）不可或缺的概念。在QCD的函数方法中，夸克传播子的相应作用自Nambu和Jona-Lasinio的开创性工作被以QCD的语言重新表述以来便已显而易见。它不仅凸显了DCSB最重要的方面之一——组分夸克质量的动力学生成，而且使得DCSB是QCD中稳健发生的现象这一观点显得合理。然而，当考虑更高阶的n点函数时，后一印象发生了变化。特别是，夸克-胶子顶点，即描述完整的、非微扰的夸克-胶子相互作用的最基本的n点函数，扮演着双重角色：它受到DCSB的影响，如其标量和张量分量所表明的；同时，由于其大多数分量的红外增强，它也是DCSB的驱动者。本文阐明了相关的自洽机制。文中指出，最近获得的结果意味着，至少在协变规范下，QCD中的DCSB位于临界点附近，因此是一种微妙效应。并且，由于需要精确确定QCD的三点函数，DCSB——尤其鉴于早期研究——是通过胶子-胶子和夸克-胶子相互作用的各种张量分量的自洽确定的幅度和动量依赖性的错综复杂的相互作用而确立的。
英文摘要：
Dynamical Chiral Symmetry Breaking (DCSB) in Quantum Chromo Dynamics (QCD) for the light quarks is an indispensable concept for understanding hadron physics, i.e., the spectrum and the structure of hadrons. In Functional Approaches to QCD the respective role of the quark propagator has been evident since the seminal work of Nambu and Jona-Lasinio has been recast in QCD's terms. It not only highlights one of the most important aspects of DCSB, the dynamical generation of constituent quark masses, but also makes plausible that DCSB is a robustly occurring phenomenon in QCD. The latter impression, however, changes when higher $n$-point functions are taken into account. In particular, the quark-gluon vertex, i.e., the most elementary $n$-point function describing the full, non-perturbative quark-gluon interaction, plays a dichotomous role: It is subject to DCSB as signalled by its scalar and tensor components but it is also a driver of DCSB due to the infrared enhancement of most of its components. Herein, the relevant self-consistent mechanism is elucidated. It is pointed out that recently obtained results imply that, at least in the covariant gauge, DCSB in QCD is located close to the critical point and is thus a delicate effect. And, requiring a precise determination of QCD's three-point functions, DCSB is established, in particular in view of earlier studies, by an intricate interplay of the self-consistently determined magnitude and momentum dependence of various tensorial components of the gluon-gluon and the quark-gluon interactions.
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