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arXiv 2309.09581hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-th
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大型强子对撞机作为中微子-离子对撞机

The LHC as a Neutrino-Ion Collider

Juan M. Cruz-Martinez, Max Fieg, Tommaso Giani, Peter Krack, Toni Mäkelä, Tanjona Rabemananjara, Juan Rojo

AI总结:

本文提出将LHC前向中微子束作为中微子-离子对撞机,通过FASERν等实验的DIS测量显著约束质子与核PDF不确定性,从而改进HL-LHC核心过程的理论预测,且无需改造加速器基础设施。

摘要:

大型强子对撞机(LHC)上的质子-质子碰撞会在前向(束流)方向产生高强度准直中微子束,其特征能量可达数 TeV。FASERν和SND@LHC最近对LHC中微子的观测表明,这一迄今被忽视的粒子束现已可用于科学研究。在此,我们量化了LHC上中微子深度非弹性散射(DIS)测量对质子和重核部分子分布(PDF)的影响。我们为Run III阶段的FASERν和SND@LHC,以及拟议中的前向物理设施(FPF)所承载的FASERν2、AdvSND和FLArE实验生成了DIS结构函数的投影,该设施将与高亮度LHC(HL-LHC)同时运行。我们确定,到HL-LHC运行结束时,在探测器接收范围内预计可观测到多达一百万次电子中微子和μ子中微子DIS相互作用,其覆盖的$x$和$Q^2$运动学区域与电子-离子对撞机(EIC)的区域重叠。将这些DIS投影纳入全局(核)PDF分析,具体为PDF4LHC21、NNPDF4.0和EPPS21,结果显示PDF不确定性显著降低,尤其是奇异夸克以及上、下价夸克PDF。我们表明,LHC中微子数据能够改进HL-LHC上核心过程(如希格斯玻色子和弱规范玻色子产生)的理论预测。我们的分析证明,利用LHC中微子束可有效地为CERN提供一台“中微子-离子对撞机”,而无需修改其加速器基础设施。

英文摘要:

Proton-proton collisions at the LHC generate a high-intensity collimated beam of neutrinos in the forward (beam) direction, characterised by energies of up to several TeV. The recent observation of LHC neutrinos by FASER$ν$ and SND@LHC signals that this hitherto ignored particle beam is now available for scientific inquiry. Here we quantify the impact that neutrino deep-inelastic scattering (DIS) measurements at the LHC would have on the parton distributions (PDFs) of protons and heavy nuclei. We generate projections for DIS structure functions for FASER$ν$ and SND@LHC at Run III, as well as for the FASER$ν$2, AdvSND, and FLArE experiments to be hosted at the proposed Forward Physics Facility (FPF) operating concurrently with the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC). We determine that up to one million electron- and muon-neutrino DIS interactions within detector acceptance can be expected by the end of the HL-LHC, covering a kinematic region in $x$ and $Q^2$ overlapping with that of the Electron-Ion Collider. Including these DIS projections into global (n)PDF analyses, specifically PDF4LHC21, NNPDF4.0, and EPPS21, reveals a significant reduction of PDF uncertainties, in particular for strangeness and the up and down valence PDFs. We show that LHC neutrino data enables improved theoretical predictions for core processes at the HL-LHC, such as Higgs and weak gauge boson production. Our analysis demonstrates that exploiting the LHC neutrino beam effectively provides CERN with a "Neutrino-Ion Collider" without requiring modifications in its accelerator infrastructure.

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