Gemini近红外光谱观测高红移Fermi耀变体：早期宇宙中的喷流黑洞质量过大
Gemini Near-infrared Spectroscopy of High-Redshift Fermi Blazars: Jetted Black Holes in the Early Universe Were Overly Massive
AI总结：
本研究利用Gemini/GNIRS近红外光谱对九个高红移Fermi耀变体重新估计维里黑洞质量，证实其超大质量黑洞质量过大，对早期喷流黑洞快速增长模型提出理论挑战。
摘要：
喷流活动星系核（AGN）是河外星系γ射线源的主要类型。Fermi探测到的高红移（z>3）耀变体被认为是喷流AGN，其能量来源被认为是早期宇宙（<2 Gyr）中质量巨大、快速自旋的超大质量黑洞（SMBH）。它们为研究早期黑洞（BH）增长和超爱丁顿吸积——可能导致了喷流黑洞更快速的形成——提供了实验室。然而，先前对z>3耀变体的维里黑洞质量估计基于观测光学波段的C IV谱线，但已知C IV会受到强外流的偏差影响。我们针对九个z>3的Fermi γ射线耀变体样本，这些天体具有可最大程度采样光谱能量分布（SED）的多波长观测数据，展示了新的Gemini/GNIRS近红外光谱。我们基于校准更好的宽Hβ和/或Mg II谱线估计了维里黑洞质量。我们将新的维里黑洞质量与来自SED建模的独立质量估计进行了比较。我们的工作代表了为高红移Fermi耀变体获取更可靠维里黑洞质量和爱丁顿比率的运动的第一步。我们的新结果证实，高红移Fermi耀变体确实如先前工作所建议的那样，拥有质量过大的SMBH，这可能对喷流SMBH早期快速增长的模型构成理论挑战。
英文摘要：
Jetted active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are the principal extragalactic $γ$-ray sources. Fermi-detected high-redshift ($z>3$) blazars are jetted AGNs thought to be powered by massive, rapidly spinning supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in the early universe ($<2$ Gyr). They provide a laboratory to study early black hole (BH) growth and super-Eddington accretion -- possibly responsible for the more rapid formation of jetted BHs. However, previous virial BH masses of $z>3$ blazars were based on C IV in the observed optical, but C IV is known to be biased by strong outflows. We present new Gemini/GNIRS near-IR spectroscopy for a sample of nine $z>3$ Fermi $γ$-ray blazars with available multi-wavelength observations that maximally sample the spectral energy distributions (SEDs). We estimate virial BH masses based on the better calibrated broad H$β$ and/or Mg II . We compare the new virial BH masses against independent mass estimates from SED modeling. Our work represents the first step in campaigning for more robust virial BH masses and Eddington ratios for high-redshift Fermi blazars. Our new results confirm that high-redshift Fermi blazars indeed host overly massive SMBHs as suggested by previous work, which may pose a theoretical challenge for models of the rapid early growth of jetted SMBHs.
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