JADES：解析 $z=5.18$ 处HST暗亚毫米星系HDF850.1的恒星成分与丝状高密度环境
JADES: Resolving the Stellar Component and Filamentary Overdense Environment of HST-Dark Submillimeter Galaxy HDF850.1 at $z=5.18$
AI总结：
利用JADES的NIRCam图像解析HDF850.1的恒星成分与丝状高密度环境，发现其位于原星团中，贡献了该时期50%的恒星形成。
摘要：
HDF850.1是哈勃深场中最亮的亚毫米星系（SMG），已知是一个被尘埃严重遮蔽的恒星形成星系，嵌入在$z=5.18$的高密度环境中。利用通过JWST高级深场河外巡天（JADES）获得的0.8-5.0 $\mu$m九波段NIRCam图像，我们探测并解析了HDF850.1的静止系紫外-光学对应体，由于中心严重的尘埃遮蔽，该对应体分裂为两个成分。南部分量泄漏紫外和H$\alpha$光子，使该星系比红外超与紫外连续谱斜率（IRX-$\beta_\mathrm{UV}$）之间的经验关系高出约100倍。北部分量的尘埃消光更高，因此在紫外和H$\alpha$表面亮度上更暗。我们从NIRCam图像构建了空间分辨的尘埃消光图，与通过毫米波干涉测量获得的尘埃连续谱发射很好地匹配。整个系统拥有$10^{10.8\pm0.1}\\,\mathrm{M}_\odot$的恒星质量和$10^{2.8\pm0.2}\\,\mathrm{M}_\odot\\,\mathrm{yr}^{-1}$的恒星形成率，使该星系位于该时期恒星形成主序的大质量端。我们进一步确认HDF850.1位于$z=5.17-5.30$的复杂高密度环境中，该环境还拥有一个在$z=5.30$的明亮SMG（GN10）。高密度环境的丝状结构由109个通过NIRCam无缝光谱在3.9-5 $\mu$m确认的H$\alpha$发射星系表征，其中只有8个在JWST观测之前已知。鉴于GOODS-S场中存在类似星系高密度环境，我们的结果表明$50\pm20$%的$z=5.1-5.5$宇宙恒星形成发生在原星团环境中。
英文摘要：
HDF850.1 is the brightest submillimeter galaxy (SMG) in the Hubble Deep Field. It is known as a heavily dust-obscured star-forming galaxy embedded in an overdense environment at $z = 5.18$. With nine-band NIRCam images at 0.8-5.0 $μ$m obtained through the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES), we detect and resolve the rest-frame UV-optical counterpart of HDF850.1, which splits into two components because of heavy dust obscuration in the center. The southern component leaks UV and H$α$ photons, bringing the galaxy $\sim$100 times above the empirical relation between infrared excess and UV continuum slope (IRX-$β_\mathrm{UV}$). The northern component is higher in dust attenuation and thus fainter in UV and H$α$ surface brightness. We construct a spatially resolved dust attenuation map from the NIRCam images, well matched with the dust continuum emission obtained through millimeter interferometry. The whole system hosts a stellar mass of $10^{10.8\pm0.1}\,\mathrm{M}_\odot$ and star-formation rate of $10^{2.8\pm0.2}\,\mathrm{M}_\odot\,\mathrm{yr}^{-1}$, placing the galaxy at the massive end of the star-forming main sequence at this epoch. We further confirm that HDF850.1 resides in a complex overdense environment at $z=5.17-5.30$, which hosts another luminous SMG at $z=5.30$ (GN10). The filamentary structures of the overdensity are characterized by 109 H$α$-emitting galaxies confirmed through NIRCam slitless spectroscopy at 3.9-5 $μ$m, of which only eight were known before the JWST observations. Given the existence of a similar galaxy overdensity in the GOODS-S field, our results suggest that $50\pm20$% of the cosmic star formation at $z=5.1-5.5$ occur in protocluster environments.
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