管状晶体中的位错反应序列与螺旋性变换
Sequences of dislocation reactions and helicity transformations in tubular crystals
AI总结：
通过Langevin动力学模拟研究管状晶体，发现多种不可逆缺陷变换及其自发序列，并展示利用时变外力控制这些序列的简单方法。
摘要：
自由站立的管状晶体为具有圆柱拓扑结构的可变形表面上的晶体序提供了一般性描述，例如单壁碳纳米管、微管以及最近报道的胶体组装体。这些系统展现了晶体在其周期性表面上的螺旋性、该表面的可变形几何形状以及晶体内拓扑缺陷运动之间丰富的相互作用。此前，在将管状晶体作为弹性网络进行的模拟中，我们发现非平凡图案中的位错能与管状扭折共稳定，从而产生机械多稳态。在此，我们通过详细的 Langevin 动力学模拟扩展了该项工作，以高效地探索缺陷动力学，且不受弹性网络模型施加的约束。除了预测的位错滑移的多稳态外，我们还发现了多种不可逆的缺陷变换，包括空位形成、粒子挤出以及重新取向位错对的“反应”。此外，我们报道了由几种此类缺陷变换自发形成的序列，这些序列是管状晶体所独有的。我们展示了一种通过时变外力控制这些序列的简单方法。
英文摘要：
Freestanding tubular crystals offer a general description of crystalline order on deformable surfaces with cylindrical topology, such as single-walled carbon nanotubes, microtubules, and recently reported colloidal assemblies. These systems exhibit a rich interplay between the crystal's helicity on its periodic surface, the deformable geometry of that surface, and the motions of topological defects within the crystal. Previously, in simulations of tubular crystals as elastic networks, we found that dislocations in nontrivial patterns can co-stabilize with kinks in the tube shape, producing mechanical multistability. Here, we extend that work with detailed Langevin dynamics simulations, in order to explore defect dynamics efficiently and without the constraints imposed by elastic network models. Along with the predicted multistability of dislocation glide, we find a variety of irreversible defect transformations, including vacancy formation, particle extrusions, and "reactions" that reorient dislocation pairs. Moreover, we report spontaneous sequences of several such defect transformations, which are unique to tubular crystals. We demonstrate a simple method for controlling these sequences through a time-varying external force.
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