流体动力学金属中超越 Drude 输运的研究
Beyond Drude transport in hydrodynamic metals
AI总结：
研究流体动力学金属中超越Drude的动量弛豫梯度修正，发现其重整化Drude极点权重和直流电导率，并在磁场下修正回旋频率与霍尔电导率，为强耦合金属实验提供理论解释。
摘要：
在相互作用理论中，流体动力学描述了在晚期和长程极限下，接近局部热平衡的状态在梯度展开中的普适行为。在金属的流体动力学区域内，动量以速率 $Γ$ 缓慢弛豫，该速率形式上出现在动量动力学方程的右侧，并导致热电导率的频率依赖性中出现类似 Drude 的峰。在此，我们研究超越 Drude 的动量弛豫梯度修正的结构及其物理含义，即在梯度展开中以次领头阶出现的修正。我们发现它们有效地重整化了热电导率中 Drude 极点的权重，并以与先前已知的平移不变流体动力学梯度修正相同的阶次贡献于直流电导率。施加磁场后，会出现额外的导数修正，并重整化回旋频率和霍尔电导率。这种弛豫流体动力学为先前使用规范-引力对偶性获得的结果提供了场论解释。在准粒子寿命短且可能接近流体动力学区域的强耦合金属中，我们讨论的额外贡献对于解释实验测量的磁热电导率至关重要。专门针对接近费米液体相的金属，发现通过比热或类似 Drude 峰的谱权重测得的有效质量存在差异，正如在过掺杂铜氧化物超导体中确实报道的那样。更一般地，我们预期此类项存在于任何具有近似对称性的流体动力学理论中，这在许多物理系统中都会出现。
英文摘要：
In interacting theories, hydrodynamics describes the universal behavior of states close to local thermal equilibrium at late times and long distances in a gradient expansion. In the hydrodynamic regime of metals, momentum relaxes slowly with a rate $Γ$, which formally appears on the right-hand side of the momentum dynamical equation and causes a Drude-like peak in the frequency dependence of the thermoelectric conductivities. Here we study the structure and determine the physical implications of momentum-relaxing gradient corrections beyond Drude, \emph{i.e.} arising at subleading order in the gradient expansion. We find that they effectively renormalize the weight of the Drude pole in the thermoelectric conductivities, and contribute to the dc conductivities at the same order as previously-known gradient corrections of translation-invariant hydrodynamics. Turning on a magnetic field, extra derivative corrections appear and renormalize the cyclotron frequency and the Hall conductivity. This relaxed hydrodynamics provides a field-theoretic explanation for previous results obtained using gauge-gravity duality. In strongly-coupled metals where quasiparticles are short-lived and which may be close to a hydrodynamic regime, the extra contributions we discuss are essential to interpret experimentally measured magneto-thermoelectric conductivities. Specializing to metals close to a Fermi liquid phase, the effective mass measured either through the specific heat or the spectral weight of the Drude-like peak are found to differ, as was indeed reported in overdoped cuprate superconductors. More generally, we expect such terms to be present in any hydrodynamic theory with approximate symmetries, which arise in many physical systems.
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