针对源代码版权追踪问题，提出水印系统 SrcMarker，通过基于 AST 的双通道变换与特征近似技术实现跨语言代码水印的端到端训练，在不影响代码语义的前提下有效嵌入 ID 比特串。
摘要：
开源社区的扩张和大语言模型的兴起引发了对源代码分发的伦理和安全担忧，如对受版权保护的代码的不当行为、未获适当许可的分发，或出于恶意目的滥用代码。因此，追踪源代码的所有权至关重要，其中水印是一项主要技术。然而，与自然语言截然不同，源代码水印需要更严格和复杂的规则，以确保源代码的可读性及功能性。因此，我们引入了 SrcMarker，这是一个将 ID 比特串隐蔽地编码到源代码中，而不影响代码的使用和语义的水印系统。为此，SrcMarker 在基于 AST 的中间表示上执行变换，从而实现跨不同编程语言的统一变换。该系统的核心利用基于学习的嵌入和提取模块，为水印选择基于规则的变换。此外，设计了一种新颖的特征近似技术，以解决规则选择固有的不可微性，从而将基于规则的变换和基于学习的网络无缝集成到一个互联系统中，以实现端到端训练。大量实验证明了 SrcMarker 在各种水印需求上优于现有方法。
英文摘要：
The expansion of the open source community and the rise of large language models have raised ethical and security concerns on the distribution of source code, such as misconduct on copyrighted code, distributions without proper licenses, or misuse of the code for malicious purposes. Hence it is important to track the ownership of source code, in which watermarking is a major technique. Yet, drastically different from natural languages, source code watermarking requires far stricter and more complicated rules to ensure the readability as well as the functionality of the source code. Hence we introduce SrcMarker, a watermarking system to unobtrusively encode ID bitstrings into source code, without affecting the usage and semantics of the code. To this end, SrcMarker performs transformations on an AST-based intermediate representation that enables unified transformations across different programming languages. The core of the system utilizes learning-based embedding and extraction modules to select rule-based transformations for watermarking. In addition, a novel feature-approximation technique is designed to tackle the inherent non-differentiability of rule selection, thus seamlessly integrating the rule-based transformations and learning-based networks into an interconnected system to enable end-to-end training. Extensive experiments demonstrate the superiority of SrcMarker over existing methods in various watermarking requirements.
MATRIX: Multi-Layer Code Watermarking via Dual-Channel Constrained Parity-Check Encoding
Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications（北京邮电大学）；Nanyang Technological University（南洋理工大学）；Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen（哈尔滨工业大学（深圳））；School of Cyberspace Security, Huazhong University of Science and Technology（华中科技大学网络空间安全学院）
DualGuard: Dual-stream Large Language Model Watermarking Defense against Paraphrase and Spoofing Attack
Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences（信息工程研究所，中国科学院）；School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学网络与信息安全学院）；Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences（计算技术研究所，中国科学院）
Robust Reversible Watermarking in Encrypted Images Based on Dual-MSBs Spiral Embedding
School of Communication & Electronic Engineering, East China Normal University（华东师范大学通信与电子工程学院）；Information Technology Center, Shanghai International Studies University（上海外国语大学信息技术中心）；School of Computer Science and Technology, Anhui University（安徽大学计算机科学与技术学院）；School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University（上海大学通信与信息工程学院）；School of Computer Science, Fudan University（复旦大学计算机科学学院）
Efficient and Universal Watermarking for LLM-Generated Code Detection
College of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University（哈尔滨工程大学计算机科学与技术学院）；School of Computing and Information Systems, Singapore Management University（新加坡管理大学计算与信息学院）
RTLMarker: Protecting LLM-Generated RTL Copyright via a Hardware Watermarking Framework
Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院计算技术研究所）；Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学杭州高等研究院）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）
GaussMarker: Robust Dual-Domain Watermark for Diffusion Models
Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院自动化研究所）；School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学人工智能学院）
Watermarking Vision-Language Pre-trained Models for Multi-modal Embedding as a Service
Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science（中国科学院信息工程研究所）；School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学网络空间安全学院）；Beijing Institute of Technology（北京理工大学）；University of Adelaide（阿德莱德大学）
