一种利用超声识别以提升定位效果的放射学夹设计
A Radiological Clip Design Using Ultrasound Identification to Improve Localization
AI总结：
针对新辅助化疗中乳腺标记夹超声可见性下降的问题，设计了带主动超声识别信号的放射学夹，实现亚毫米级定位、93.0%平均检测率，支持多夹同视场识别。
摘要：
目的：我们验证了利用超声接收由定制电路设计的放射学夹发射的声学信号的可行性。该信号编码有识别号，可通过超声成像系统进行无线定位与识别。方法：我们设计并搭建了以Teensy 4.0微控制器为核心的测试平台，用于检测嵌入体模（充当放射学夹）的换能器接收到的超声成像脉冲，进而生成并发射超声识别（USID）信号。使用连接至Verasonics Vantage 128系统的Philips L7-4超声阵列对体模与夹子成像，系统工作在脉冲反转（PI）模式下。通过互相关操作对PI图像中的编码序列进行定位与识别。结果：在体模的B模式图像上检测并可视化了USID信号，定位精度可达亚毫米级。在4800帧超声数据中，平均检测率为93.0%。不同测试ID值的检测率存在差异。结论：成像时USID夹可产生可识别、可区分且可定位的信号。意义：放射学夹用于标记接受新辅助化疗（NAC）的乳腺癌，通过植入治疗病灶内或病灶附近实现标记。随着NAC推进，现有标记夹在超声（监测NAC治疗病灶的首选成像方式）下可能失去可见性。通过发射主动信号，可实现这些夹子更准确、可靠的超声定位，且可在同一视场内对多个带有不同ID值的夹子成像。
英文摘要：
Objective: We demonstrate the use of ultrasound to receive an acoustic signal transmitted from a radiological clip designed from a custom circuit. This signal encodes an identification number and is localized and identified wirelessly by the ultrasound imaging system. Methods: We designed and constructed the test platform with a Teensy 4.0 microcontroller core to detect ultrasonic imaging pulses received by a transducer embedded in a phantom, which acted as the radiological clip. Ultrasound identification (USID) signals were generated and transmitted as a result. The phantom and clip were imaged using an ultrasonic array (Philips L7-4) connected to a Verasonics Vantage 128 system operating in pulse inversion (PI) mode. Cross-correlations were performed to localize and identify the code sequences in the PI images. Results: USID signals were detected and visualized on B-mode images of the phantoms with up to sub-millimeter localization accuracy. The average detection rate across 4,800 frames of ultrasound data was 93.0%. Tested ID values exhibited differences in detection rates. Conclusion: The USID clip produced identifiable, distinguishable, and localizable signals when imaged. Significance: Radiological clips are used to mark breast cancer being treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) via implant in or near treated lesions. As NAC progresses, available marking clips can lose visibility in ultrasound, the imaging modality of choice for monitoring NAC-treated lesions. By transmitting an active signal, more accurate and reliable ultrasound localization of these clips could be achieved and multiple clips with different ID values could be imaged in the same field of view.
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