大语言模型的文化心理学：ChatGPT是整体型思维者还是分析型思维者？
The Cultural Psychology of Large Language Models: Is ChatGPT a Holistic or Analytic Thinker?
AI总结：
本研究通过四类量表测试探究ChatGPT的文化认知特征，发现其认知过程偏向东方整体型思维但价值判断无东西方明显倾向，探讨了结果成因及对AI研究的价值。
摘要：
大语言模型（LLMs）的广泛应用使得研究其心理模型成为必要，该研究具有重要的理论与实践意义。现有研究表明，ChatGPT等前沿大语言模型具备一定的心智理论能力，且拥有相对稳定的大五人格和/或MBTI人格特质。此外，认知过程特征是这些心理模型的核心组成部分。文化心理学研究显示，东西方人群在信息处理与判断时的认知过程存在显著差异：西方人主要表现出分析型思维，即把事物从环境中剥离出来独立分析其本质；东方人则常展现出整体型思维，强调关联性并采用全局视角。本研究探究了ChatGPT的文化认知特征。我们采用了两个直接测量认知过程的量表：分析-整体量表（Analysis-Holism Scale, AHS）与三元分类任务（Triadic Categorization Task, TCT）；此外还使用了两个考察文化思维塑造的价值差异的量表：辩证自我量表（Dialectical Self Scale, DSS）与自我构念量表（Self-construal Scale, SCS）。在认知过程测试（AHS/TCT）中，ChatGPT始终倾向于东方整体型思维，但在价值判断（DSS/SCS）方面，ChatGPT并未明显偏向东方或西方。我们认为这一结果可归因于大语言模型开发中的训练范式与训练数据两方面因素。我们讨论了该发现对人工智能研究的潜在价值以及未来研究方向。
英文摘要：
The prevalent use of Large Language Models (LLMs) has necessitated studying their mental models, yielding noteworthy theoretical and practical implications. Current research has demonstrated that state-of-the-art LLMs, such as ChatGPT, exhibit certain theory of mind capabilities and possess relatively stable Big Five and/or MBTI personality traits. In addition, cognitive process features form an essential component of these mental models. Research in cultural psychology indicated significant differences in the cognitive processes of Eastern and Western people when processing information and making judgments. While Westerners predominantly exhibit analytical thinking that isolates things from their environment to analyze their nature independently, Easterners often showcase holistic thinking, emphasizing relationships and adopting a global viewpoint. In our research, we probed the cultural cognitive traits of ChatGPT. We employed two scales that directly measure the cognitive process: the Analysis-Holism Scale (AHS) and the Triadic Categorization Task (TCT). Additionally, we used two scales that investigate the value differences shaped by cultural thinking: the Dialectical Self Scale (DSS) and the Self-construal Scale (SCS). In cognitive process tests (AHS/TCT), ChatGPT consistently tends towards Eastern holistic thinking, but regarding value judgments (DSS/SCS), ChatGPT does not significantly lean towards the East or the West. We suggest that the result could be attributed to both the training paradigm and the training data in LLM development. We discuss the potential value of this finding for AI research and directions for future research.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
