大学招生政策对亚裔美国申请者的差异性影响
The Disparate Impacts of College Admissions Policies on Asian American Applicants
AI总结：
本文基于68万余份申请数据，发现亚裔美国学生被选择性大学录取的几率比同等条件的白人学生低28%，并指出校友子女优待和地域因素是造成该差距的重要原因。
摘要：
关于亚裔美国学生在申请选择性大学时是否比具有相同学术资质的白人学生录取率更低，一直存在争议。然而，由于数据匮乏，对这一问题的实证研究很少。本文呈现了对685,709份来自亚裔美国学生和白人学生的申请材料的分析结果，这些申请面向部分美国选择性院校，涵盖从2015-2016申请季开始的五个申请周期。该数据集不包含录取决定，因此我们基于入学选择等因素构建了一个代理指标。基于该代理指标，我们估计亚裔美国申请者被我们所考察的至少一所学校录取的几率比具有相似考试成绩、平均绩点和课外活动的白人学生低28%。这一差距在南亚裔学生中尤为显著（录取几率低49%）。我们将这一模式部分归因于两个因素。第一，许多选择性大学公开优待校友子女，而我们发现白人申请者拥有此类校友子女身份的可能性远高于亚裔申请者，尤其是南亚裔申请者。第二，在调整了可观测的学生特征后，我们所考察的院校似乎更不可能录取来自亚裔申请者占比较高的地理区域的学生。我们希望这些结果能为正在进行的关于大学招生政策公平性的讨论提供参考。
英文摘要：
There is debate over whether Asian American students are admitted to selective colleges and universities at lower rates than white students with similar academic qualifications. However, there have been few empirical investigations of this issue, in large part due to a dearth of data. Here we present the results from analyzing 685,709 applications from Asian American and white students to a subset of selective U.S. institutions over five application cycles, beginning with the 2015-2016 cycle. The dataset does not include admissions decisions, and so we construct a proxy based in part on enrollment choices. Based on this proxy, we estimate the odds that Asian American applicants were admitted to at least one of the schools we consider were 28% lower than the odds for white students with similar test scores, grade-point averages, and extracurricular activities. The gap was particularly pronounced for students of South Asian descent (49% lower odds). We trace this pattern in part to two factors. First, many selective colleges openly give preference to the children of alumni, and we find that white applicants were substantially more likely to have such legacy status than Asian applicants, especially South Asian applicants. Second, after adjusting for observed student characteristics, the institutions we consider appear less likely to admit students from geographic regions with relatively high shares of applicants who are Asian. We hope these results inform ongoing discussions on the equity of college admissions policies.
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