用于全天候稳定高效钙钛矿太阳能电池的透明多光谱光子电极
Transparent Multispectral Photonic Electrode for All-Weather Stable and Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
AI总结：
本文提出一种透明多光谱光子电极，兼具红外滤波、减反射和透明前接触功能，并结合PDMS辐射冷却层，使钙钛矿太阳能电池运行温度降低超9.0°C、绝对效率提升超1.3%，为提升光伏性能提供了简单可行的光子方案。
摘要：
钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSCs）是提升当前光伏性能最有前景的技术。然而，其实际部署和商业化的主要挑战在于其运行稳定性，该稳定性受到太阳光照和加热以及光照在光伏器件中产生的电场的影响。在此，我们提出一种置于太阳能电池玻璃基板顶部的透明多光谱光子电极，该电极可同时降低器件的太阳加热并提升其效率。具体而言，所提出的光子电极由低电阻率金属和导电层组成，同时充当高效红外滤波器和超薄透明前接触，从而降低器件的太阳加热和运行温度。同时，它还充当减反射涂层，提升效率。我们进一步通过在前玻璃基板侧涂覆一层可见光透明薄膜（PDMS）来增强器件冷却，该薄膜可最大化基板的热辐射。为了确定我们光子方法的潜力并充分探索PSCs的冷却潜力，我们首先对在效率、稳定性和成本方面最有前景的最先进PSCs的吸收特性（可见光和红外波长）进行了实验表征。然后，我们通过数值模拟表明，将我们的方法应用于有前景的PSCs可使运行温度降低超过9.0°C，绝对效率提升超过1.3%。这些结果对变化的环境条件不敏感。我们的方法简单，仅需对基板进行修改；因此，它指明了一种可行的光子方法，用于利用下一代太阳能电池材料提升当前光伏性能。
英文摘要：
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are the most promising technology for advancing current photovoltaic performance. However, the main challenge for their practical deployment and commercialization is their operational stability, affected by solar illumination and heating, as well as the electric field that is generated in the PV device by light exposure. Here, we propose a transparent multispectral photonic electrode placed on top of the glass substrate of solar cells, which simultaneously reduces the device solar heating and enhances its efficiency. Specifically, the proposed photonic electrode, composed of a low-resistivity metal and a conductive layer, simultaneously serves as a highly-efficient infrared filter and an ultra-thin transparent front contact, decreasing devices' solar heating and operating temperature. At the same time, it simultaneously serves as an anti-reflection coating, enhancing the efficiency. We additionally enhance the device cooling by coating the front glass substrate side with a visibly transparent film (PDMS), which maximizes substrate's thermal radiation. To determine the potential of our photonic approach and fully explore the cooling potential of PSCs, we first provide experimental characterizations of the absorption properties (in both visible and infrared wavelengths) of state-of-the-art PSCs among the most promising ones regarding the efficiency, stability, and cost. We then numerically show that applying our approach to promising PSCs can result in lower operating temperatures by over 9.0 oC and an absolute efficiency increase higher than 1.3%. These results are insensitive to varying environmental conditions. Our approach is simple and only requires modification of the substrate; it therefore points to a feasible photonic approach for advancing current photovoltaic performance with next-generation solar cell materials.
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