两股高马赫数量子简并等离子体射流的对撞
Colliding of two high Mach-number quantum degenerate plasma jets
AI总结：
本文通过第一性原理动理学模拟研究双锥对撞点火中高马赫数量子简并等离子体射流的对撞过程，发现存在实现最高密度压缩的最优碰撞速度，为DCI实验设计提供理论依据。
摘要：
两股高马赫数量子简并等离子体的对撞是双锥对撞点火（DCI）惯性约束聚变方案中最核心的组成部分之一。在该方案中，来自锥尖的两股高度压缩等离子体射流相互碰撞，并伴随着碰撞动能向停滞等容等离子体内能的快速转化。由于对撞等离子体射流具有高密度和高马赫数的特性，量子简并效应和动理学物理可能发挥重要作用，并对传统流体力学模型的预测提出挑战。本工作采用第一性原理动理学模拟和理论分析，研究了具有可观尺度（约1000 μm、约300 ps、约100 g/cc、约300 km/s）的两股高马赫数量子简并氘等离子体射流的对撞过程。为了实现高密度压缩，碰撞动压应显著高于量子简并所产生的压强，这意味着需要较高的碰撞马赫数。然而，当马赫数进一步提高时，我们意外地发现由于动理学效应，密度压缩呈现下降趋势。因此，研究结果表明理论上存在实现最高密度压缩的最优碰撞速度。我们的结果可为DCI实验的基线设计提供有价值的建议，同时也可能与某些剧烈的天体物理过程相关，例如两颗白矮星的并合。
英文摘要：
Colliding of two high Mach-number quantum degenerate plasmas is one of the most essential components in the double-cone ignition (DCI) inertial confinement fusion scheme, in which two highly compressed plasma jets from the cone-tips collide along with rapid conversion from the colliding kinetic energies to the internal energy of a stagnated isochoric plasma. Due to the effects of high densities and high Mach-numbers of the colliding plasma jets, quantum degeneracy and kinetic physics might play important roles and challenge the predictions of traditional hydrodynamic models. In this work, the colliding process of two high Mach number quantum degenerate Deuterium-plasma jets with sizable scale ($\sim 1000\ \si{μm}$, $\sim 300\ \si{ps}$, $\sim 100\ \si{g/cc}$, $\sim 300\ \si{km/s}$) were investigated with first-principle kinetic simulations and theoretical analyses. In order to achieve high-density compression, the colliding kinetic pressure should be significantly higher than the pressure raised by the quantum degeneracy. This means high colliding Mach numbers are required. However, when the Mach number is further increased, we surprisingly found a decreasing trend of density compression, due to kinetic effects. It is therefore suggested that there is theoretically optimal colliding velocity to achieve the highest density compression. Our results would provide valuable suggestions for the base-line design of the DCI experiments and also might be of relevance in some violent astrophysical processes, such as the merger of two white dwarfs.
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