量化智能系统中的人类事后责任
Quantifying Retrospective Human Responsibility in Intelligent Systems
AI总结：
本文提出三种量化人类在智能系统中事后因果责任的指标，涵盖重复交互中的独特贡献及单次交互中信息形成与行动合理性，为伦理与法律讨论提供量化视角。
摘要：
智能系统已成为我们生活的重要组成部分。在与这些系统交互时，人类对结果的责任变得不明确，因为信息获取、决策和行动实施的部分环节可能由人类和系统共同完成。在以不良结果告终的事件中，确定人类在智能系统中的因果责任尤为重要。我们开发了三种在使用智能系统时衡量人类事后因果责任的指标。第一种指标涉及人类与系统的重复交互。利用信息论，它量化了普通人类对过去事件结果的独特贡献。第二种和第三种指标涉及人类在单次过去交互中与智能系统的因果责任。它们分别量化了人类在形成用于决策的信息时的独特贡献，以及人类所执行行动的合理性。结果表明，人类的事后责任取决于系统设计及其可靠性的综合影响、人类的角色和权限，以及与系统和环境相关的概率因素。这些新的责任指标可用于调查和分析涉及智能系统的过去事件。它们可能有助于对人类责任的判断以及伦理和法律讨论，提供一种新颖的量化视角。
英文摘要：
Intelligent systems have become a major part of our lives. Human responsibility for outcomes becomes unclear in the interaction with these systems, as parts of information acquisition, decision-making, and action implementation may be carried out jointly by humans and systems. Determining human causal responsibility with intelligent systems is particularly important in events that end with adverse outcomes. We developed three measures of retrospective human causal responsibility when using intelligent systems. The first measure concerns repetitive human interactions with a system. Using information theory, it quantifies the average human's unique contribution to the outcomes of past events. The second and third measures concern human causal responsibility in a single past interaction with an intelligent system. They quantify, respectively, the unique human contribution in forming the information used for decision-making and the reasonability of the actions that the human carried out. The results show that human retrospective responsibility depends on the combined effects of system design and its reliability, the human's role and authority, and probabilistic factors related to the system and the environment. The new responsibility measures can serve to investigate and analyze past events involving intelligent systems. They may aid the judgment of human responsibility and ethical and legal discussions, providing a novel quantitative perspective.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
