用于连接太阳表面与日球层的SPICE连接拼接图
SPICE Connection Mosaics to link the Sun's surface and the heliosphere
AI总结：
本研究利用太阳轨道器SPICE仪器的首张连接拼接图数据，通过多种FIP偏差计算方法开展日冕成分诊断，结合多仪器数据证实观测期间轨道器连接慢太阳风源区，验证了色球层上部的FIP分馏效应。
摘要：
我们对2022年3月2日ESA/NASA太阳轨道器（Solar Orbiter）任务搭载的SPICE仪器生成的首张连接拼接图开展了分析。这些数据将用于绘制日冕成分分布图，后续会与SWA/HIS获取的原位测量结果进行对比，以确定太阳轨道器观测到的太阳风等离子体的日冕起源。本次选取的SPICE谱线对第一电离势（First Ionization Potential，FIP）效应具有不同的敏感度，因此谱线的辐射度会根据元素组成是日冕型还是光球型而出现显著差异。我们结合阿尔文波驱动色球层上方FIP分馏的假说，研究了硫元素的行为与该假说之间的关联。我们利用谱线比值和发射量（Emission Measure，EM）轨迹开展温度诊断，并通过三种不同方法（双谱线比值法（2LR）、谱线线性组合比值法（LCR）以及微分发射量（DEM）反演）计算相对FIP偏差，以此进行日冕成分诊断。随后我们将SPICE成分分析结果、潜在太阳风源区的EUI数据与SWA/HIS数据产品进行了对比。我们从SPICE光谱数据立方体中提取了辐射度图，其数值与此前的观测结果相符。研究发现，目标活动区环的等离子体温度约为LogT=5.8，呈等温状态，且在与两个活动区相关的日冕环足点处存在更高的FIP偏差值。将结果与SWA/HIS数据产品对比后，我们有理由认为在本次观测 campaign 期间，太阳轨道器与一处慢太阳风源区相连。我们在色球层上部和过渡区的观测中证实了FIP分馏效应，中等FIP元素硫的行为进一步凸显了这一效应。
英文摘要：
We present an analysis of the first connection mosaic made by the SPICE instrument on board of the ESA / NASA Solar Orbiter mission on March 2nd, 2022. The data will be used to map coronal composition that will be compared with in-situ measurements taken by SWA/HIS to establish the coronal origin of the solar wind plasma observed at Solar Orbiter. The SPICE spectral lines were chosen to have varying sensitivity to the First Ionization Potential (FIP) effect, and therefore the radiances of the spectral lines will vary significantly depending on whether the elemental composition is coronal or photospheric. We investigate the link between the behavior of sulfur with the hypothesis that Alfvén waves drive FIP fractionation above the chromosphere. We perform temperature diagnostics using line ratios and Emission Measure (EM) loci, and compute relative FIP biases using three different approaches (two line ratio (2LR), ratios of linear combinations of spectral lines (LCR), and differential emission measure (DEM) inversion) to perform composition diagnostics in the corona. We then compare the SPICE composition analysis and EUI data of the potential solar wind source regions to the SWA / HIS data products. Radiance maps are extracted from SPICE spectral data cubes, with values matching previous observations. We find isothermal plasma of around LogT = 5.8 for the active region loops targeted, and that higher FIP-bias values are present at the footpoints of the coronal loops associated with two active regions. Comparing the results with the SWA/HIS data products encourages us to think that Solar Orbiter was connected to a source of slow solar wind during this observation campaign. We demonstrate FIP fractionation in observations of the upper chromosphere and transition region, emphasized by the behavior of the intermediate-FIP element sulfur.
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