Transportation Network Companies对出租车司机劳动供给与工资的影响
Impact of Transportation Network Companies on Labor Supply and Wages for Taxi Drivers
AI总结：
本研究基于纽约市2013-2018年行程数据，用工资分解法分析TNCs对出租车行业的影响，发现其增长降低司机收入与劳动供给，司机行为转向参考依赖偏好，两类出租车司机偏好变化存在差异。
摘要：
尽管Transportation Network Companies（简称TNCs，即出行网络公司）的发展从传统出租车行业夺走了大量乘客资源与资产价值，但现有的出租车市场政策法规与规划模型仍有待重新审视，这就需要对出租车行业劳动供给与收入水平的敏感性进行可靠估算。本研究旨在探究TNCs对出租车行业劳动供给的影响，估算工资弹性，并理解出租车司机工作偏好的变化。我们基于纽约市2013年至2018年的出租车与TNC行程记录数据，引入工资分解法来量化TNC行程随时间推移对出租车司机工作时长的影响。通过统计分析对数据进行处理，以评估整体市场表现与出租车司机工作行为的变化，结果显示，TNC行程的增加不仅降低了出租车司机的收入水平，还削弱了他们的工作意愿。研究发现，近年来TNC行程每增加1%，黄色出租车行业的月营收就会下降0.28%，绿色出租车行业的月营收则会下降0.68%。更重要的是，我们发现出租车司机的工作行为从被广泛认可的新古典标准行为转向了参考依赖偏好（reference-dependent preference，简称RDP）行为，这标志着出租车市场劳动供给存在持续下降的趋势，也暗示如果TNCs继续发展，出租车行业可能会崩溃。此外，我们观察到黄色与绿色出租车司机随时间推移呈现出不同的工作偏好：黄色出租车司机的RDP行为持续增加，绿色出租车司机最初是收入最大化者，后来转而采用收入目标策略。
英文摘要：
While the growth of TNCs took a substantial part of ridership and asset value away from the traditional taxi industry, existing taxi market policy regulations and planning models remain to be reexamined, which requires reliable estimates of the sensitivity of labor supply and income levels in the taxi industry. This study aims to investigate the impact of TNCs on the labor supply of the taxi industry, estimate wage elasticity, and understand the changes in taxi drivers' work preferences. We introduce the wage decomposition method to quantify the effects of TNC trips on taxi drivers' work hours over time, based on taxi and TNC trip record data from 2013 to 2018 in New York City. The data are analyzed to evaluate the changes in overall market performances and taxi drivers' work behavior through statistical analyses, and our results show that the increase in TNC trips not only decreases the income level of taxi drivers but also discourages their willingness to work. We find that 1% increase in TNC trips leads to 0.28% reduction in the monthly revenue of the yellow taxi industry and 0.68% decrease in the monthly revenue of the green taxi industry in recent years. More importantly, we report that the work behavior of taxi drivers shifts from the widely accepted neoclassical standard behavior to the reference-dependent preference (RDP) behavior, which signifies a persistent trend of loss in labor supply for the taxi market and hints at the collapse of taxi industry if the growth of TNCs continues. In addition, we observe that yellow and green taxi drivers present different work preferences over time. Consistently increasing RDP behavior is found among yellow taxi drivers. Green taxi drivers were initially revenue maximizers but later turned into income targeting strategy
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