正统还是异见？20世纪50年代玻姆本体论思考的演变
Orthodox or Dissident? The Evolution of Bohm's Ontological Reflections in the 1950s
AI总结：
本文针对玻姆及其导波理论的负面评价，通过两个学术交往案例指出相关指责缺乏科学依据，并梳理其50年代本体论等哲学思考的演变，提出其观点属于内部实在论。
摘要：
戴维·玻姆常被认为无法理解量子革命的意义及其激进的形而上学内涵。同样，他的导波理论（pilot-wave theory）被负面描绘为试图恢复一种经典的、决定论的世界观（Weltanschauung）。在此背景下，本文的研究目标有两重：首先，本文将论证，多位著名物理学家对玻姆提出的教条主义指责，体现出对其著作的偏颇理解。围绕这一点，本文将讨论两个案例研究：玻姆与泡利的通信，以及玻姆与莱昂·罗森菲尔德——玻尔互补性哲学的狂热支持者——之间的紧张关系。这些案例表明，对导波方法的反对在很大程度上并非基于科学依据。其次，笔者将通过研究私人通信以及玻姆在50年代的主要著作（最终集大成于《现代物理学中的因果性与机遇》（Causality and Chance in Modern Physics）一书），重构并分析玻姆关于本体论、科学实在论与多元论的哲学思考的演变过程。本文将强调玻姆思想的独创性，并得出结论：他的观点可被界定为一种内部实在论（internal realism）。
英文摘要：
David Bohm has often been considered unable to understand the meaning of the quantum revolution as well as its radical metaphysical implications. Similarly, his pilot-wave theory was negatively portrayed as an attempt to restore a classical and deterministic Weltanschauung. Against this background, the aim of this paper is twofold: in the first place, it will be argued that the accusations of dogmatism advanced by several eminent physicists contra Bohm show a biased understanding of his works. Referring to this, two case studies will be discussed: the Bohm-Pauli correspondence, and the difficult relationship between the former and Leon Rosenfeld, a fervent supporter of Bohr's philosophy of complementarity. These examples indicate that the opposition to the pilot-wave approach was for the most part not based on scientific grounds. In the second place, I will reconstruct and analyze the evolution of Bohm's philosophical reflections about ontology, scientific realism and pluralism studying private correspondences as well as his main works in the fifties culminated in the book "Causality and Chance in Modern Physics". Underlining the originality of Bohm's thoughts, it will be concluded that his perspective can be characterized as a form of internal realism.
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