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arXiv 2307.01147astro-ph.GA
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环境依赖的暗物质晕质量函数驱动 $z\geq1.5$ 星系团星系的早期熄灭

An environment-dependent halo mass function as a driver for the early quenching of $z\geq1.5$ cluster galaxies

Syeda Lammim Ahad, Adam Muzzin, Yannick M. Bahé, Henk Hoekstra

AI总结:

利用 Hydrangea 和 EAGLE 模拟发现,星系团卫星星系暗物质晕峰值速度偏高,导致其熄灭比例更高,挑战了星系团由无偏场星系组装的传统假设。

摘要:

许多恒星质量($M_{\star}$)$\geq 10^{10}\\,\mathrm{M}_\odot$ 的 $z=1.5$ 星系在星系团($>50\\%$)和场($>20\\%$)中均已熄灭,且在所有恒星质量下,星系团的熄灭比例均高于场。一个令人困惑的问题是,这些大质量熄灭星系在星系团和场中的恒星族年龄相似。这表明,尽管星系团中熄灭比例更高,但大质量星系的主要熄灭机制在两种环境中是相似的。在本工作中,我们利用宇宙学流体动力学模拟 Hydrangea 和 EAGLE 的数据,检验 $z = 1.5$ 星系团中大质量星系熄灭比例过高是否源于其暗物质晕属性与场星系的基本差异。我们发现:(i)在 $10^{10} \leq M_{\star}/\\,\mathrm{M}_\odot\leq 10^{11}$ 范围内,红移区间 $1.5 < z < 3.5$ 中,暗物质晕峰值最大圆速度($v_{\mathrm{max, peak}}$)较高的星系其熄灭比例始终较高;(ii)与场中心星系相比,星系团卫星星系的 $v_{\mathrm{max, peak}}$ 分布强烈偏向更高值。由于星系团和场星系暗物质晕属性的这种差异,仅凭长期过程可能就能解释高红移(原)星系团中大质量熄灭星系的环境过剩(大部分)。从表面价值来看,我们的结果挑战了流行熄灭模型的一个基本假设,即星系团是由无偏的场星系内落子集组装而成。如果得到证实,这将意味着此类模型在高红移时必然失效,正如近期观测所表明的那样。

英文摘要:

Many $z=1.5$ galaxies with a stellar mass ($M_{\star}$) $\geq 10^{10}\,\mathrm{M}_\odot$ are already quenched in both galaxy clusters ($>50$ per cent) and the field ($>20$ per cent), with clusters having a higher quenched fraction at all stellar masses compared to the field. A puzzling issue is that these massive quenched galaxies have stellar populations of similar age in both clusters and the field. This suggests that, despite the higher quenched fraction in clusters, the dominant quenching mechanism for massive galaxies is similar in both environments. In this work, we use data from the cosmological hydrodynamic simulations Hydrangea and EAGLE to test whether the excess quenched fraction of massive galaxies in $z = 1.5$ clusters results from fundamental differences in their halo properties compared to the field. We find that (i) at $10^{10} \leq$ $M_{\star}/\,\mathrm{M}_\odot\leq 10^{11}$, quenched fractions in the redshift range $1.5 < z < 3.5$ are consistently higher for galaxies with higher peak maximum circular velocity of the dark matter halo ($v_{\mathrm{max, peak}}$), and (ii) the distribution of $v_{\mathrm{max, peak}}$ is strongly biased towards higher values for cluster satellites compared to the field centrals. Due to this difference in the halo properties of cluster and field galaxies, secular processes alone may account for (most of) the environmental excess of massive quenched galaxies in high-redshift (proto) clusters. Taken at face value, our results challenge a fundamental assumption of popular quenching models, namely that clusters are assembled from an unbiased subset of infalling field galaxies. If confirmed, this would imply that such models must necessarily fail at high redshift, as indicated by recent observations.

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