将炒作与现实分离：论如何现实地实现量子优势
Disentangling Hype from Practicality: On Realistically Achieving Quantum Advantage
AI总结：
本文指出，小数据问题和具有超二次加速的量子算法是实现实际量子优势的关键，并据此区分了量子计算的有前景应用与应采用经典方案的应用，强调其在材料科学和化学领域的巨大潜力。
摘要：
量子计算机提供了一种新的计算范式，有可能极大地超越任何可想象的经典计算机。这引发了探索新量子算法和硬件的淘金热。鉴于围绕量子计算的期望与炒作日益增长，我们提出一个问题：哪些是有望实现量子优势的应用。我们认为，小数据问题和具有超二次加速的量子算法对于在实践中使量子计算机发挥作用至关重要。根据这些准则，人们可以将有前景的量子计算应用与应该寻求经典解决方案的应用区分开来。虽然大多数已提出的量子算法和应用并未达到被视为实用所需的加速，但我们已经看到其在材料科学和化学领域的巨大潜力。我们期望基于我们的准则能开发出进一步的应用。
英文摘要：
Quantum computers offer a new paradigm of computing with the potential to vastly outperform any imagineable classical computer. This has caused a gold rush towards new quantum algorithms and hardware. In light of the growing expectations and hype surrounding quantum computing we ask the question which are the promising applications to realize quantum advantage. We argue that small data problems and quantum algorithms with super-quadratic speedups are essential to make quantum computers useful in practice. With these guidelines one can separate promising applications for quantum computing from those where classical solutions should be pursued. While most of the proposed quantum algorithms and applications do not achieve the necessary speedups to be considered practical, we already see a huge potential in material science and chemistry. We expect further applications to be developed based on our guidelines.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
