设计个性化政策与技术干预以改善零工工作条件
Designing Individualized Policy and Technology Interventions to Improve Gig Work Conditions
AI总结：
针对零工经济中工作者福祉与工作条件恶化问题，本文主张政策制定者和平台设计者应提供个性化、针对性的政策与福利，并基于美国法律和学术证据提出建议，以支持可持续零工职业发展。
摘要：
零工经济的特点是独立工作者完成短期合同工作，他们因执行“零工”而获得报酬，并有权控制工作的时间、是否以及如何进行。零工经济平台（如Uber、Lyft、Instacart）为工作者提供了更多的就业机会、更低的进入门槛和更高的灵活性。然而，越来越多的证据表明，工作者的福祉和零工工作条件已成为重大的社会问题。在设计旨在改善零工工作条件的面向公众的政策和技术时，在提供个人灵活性与试图满足所有社区需求之间存在着固有的权衡。在基于平台的零工工作中，承包商追求短期任务的灵活性，但政策制定者在设计支持其工作的政策时，抵制对人群进行细分。随着平台提供日益多样化的服务，我们认为政策制定者和平台设计者必须为基于平台的工作者提供更有针对性和个性化的政策、福利和保护，以便他们能够拥有更成功和可持续的零工职业生涯。我们在本文中提供了来自美国的相关法律和学术证据来支持这一立场，并为未来政策和技术创新提出建议。
英文摘要：
The gig economy is characterized by short-term contract work completed by independent workers who are paid to perform "gigs", and who have control over when, whether and how they conduct work. Gig economy platforms (e.g., Uber, Lyft, Instacart) offer workers increased job opportunities, lower barriers to entry, and improved flexibility. However, growing evidence suggests that worker well-being and gig work conditions have become significant societal issues. In designing public-facing policies and technologies for improving gig work conditions, inherent tradeoffs exist between offering individual flexibility and when attempting to meet all community needs. In platform-based gig work, contractors pursue the flexibility of short-term tasks, but policymakers resist segmenting the population when designing policies to support their work. As platforms offer an ever-increasing variety of services, we argue that policymakers and platform designers must provide more targeted and personalized policies, benefits, and protections for platform-based workers, so that they can lead more successful and sustainable gig work careers. We present in this paper relevant legal and scholarly evidence from the United States to support this position, and make recommendations for future innovations in policy and technology.
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