网络安全领域中的聊天机器人到ChatGPT：演进、漏洞、攻击、挑战与未来建议
Chatbots to ChatGPT in a Cybersecurity Space: Evolution, Vulnerabilities, Attacks, Challenges, and Future Recommendations
AI总结：
本文梳理了从ELIZA到GPT-4的聊天机器人演进历程与ChatGPT的工作机制，分析了聊天机器人及ChatGPT的网络安全漏洞与攻击场景，并提出了应对挑战的未来方向。
摘要：
聊天机器人已从基于规则的技术转向人工智能技术，在医疗、购物、客户服务、外卖配送、教育和研究领域获得广泛应用。OpenAI开发的ChatGPT在互联网上掀起热潮，上线五天内用户数就突破一百万。然而，随着普及度提升，聊天机器人也面临着网络安全威胁与漏洞问题。本文探讨了相关文献、报告以及针对聊天机器人的典型攻击事件。我们首先梳理了从ELIZA（一款早期自然语言处理计算机程序）到GPT-4的聊天机器人发展时间线，并介绍了ChatGPT的工作机制。随后，我们探究了聊天机器人存在的网络安全攻击与漏洞。此外，我们专门针对ChatGPT在生成恶意软件代码、钓鱼邮件、难以检测的零日攻击，以及生成宏和LOLBINs方面的场景展开研究。本文还讨论了网络犯罪分子利用的网络攻击与漏洞的历史，尤其考量了ChatGPT中的风险与漏洞。应对这些威胁与漏洞需要特定的策略与措施以降低危害后果，因此本文提出了应对这些挑战的未来方向。
英文摘要：
Chatbots shifted from rule-based to artificial intelligence techniques and gained traction in medicine, shopping, customer services, food delivery, education, and research. OpenAI developed ChatGPT blizzard on the Internet as it crossed one million users within five days of its launch. However, with the enhanced popularity, chatbots experienced cybersecurity threats and vulnerabilities. This paper discussed the relevant literature, reports, and explanatory incident attacks generated against chatbots. Our initial point is to explore the timeline of chatbots from ELIZA (an early natural language processing computer program) to GPT-4 and provide the working mechanism of ChatGPT. Subsequently, we explored the cybersecurity attacks and vulnerabilities in chatbots. Besides, we investigated the ChatGPT, specifically in the context of creating the malware code, phishing emails, undetectable zero-day attacks, and generation of macros and LOLBINs. Furthermore, the history of cyberattacks and vulnerabilities exploited by cybercriminals are discussed, particularly considering the risk and vulnerabilities in ChatGPT. Addressing these threats and vulnerabilities requires specific strategies and measures to reduce the harmful consequences. Therefore, the future directions to address the challenges were presented.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
