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arXiv 2306.03079cs.CL
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衡量政党相似性的机器学习与统计方法

Machine Learning and Statistical Approaches to Measuring Similarity of Political Parties

Jagiellonian University(雅盖隆大学)

Daria Boratyn, Damian Brzyski, Beata Kosowska-Gąstoł, Jan Rybicki, Wojciech Słomczyński, Dariusz Stolicki

AI总结:

本文研究政党政策空间中的相似性度量问题,利用大型 transformer 语言模型与多种文本相似性方法分析政党纲领,并结合专家调查、投票和选举等外部指标评估其替代专家判断的潜力。

摘要:

将政党体系映射到可度量的政策空间,是政治学中的主要方法论问题之一。目前,在大多数政治学项目中,这项任务由领域专家依靠纯粹的定性评估来完成,并随之带来主观性和劳动密集等所有相关问题。我们研究如何将自然语言处理的进展,包括基于大型 transformer 的语言模型,应用于解决该问题。我们将多种文本相似性度量应用于政党政治纲领,分析它们之间的相关性;并且,在缺乏令人满意的基准的情况下,依据其他度量对其进行评估,包括基于专家调查、投票记录、选举模式和候选人网络的度量。最后,我们探讨依靠这些方法纠正、补充并最终取代专家判断的前景。

英文摘要:

Mapping political party systems to metric policy spaces is one of the major methodological problems in political science. At present, in most political science project this task is performed by domain experts relying on purely qualitative assessments, with all the attendant problems of subjectivity and labor intensiveness. We consider how advances in natural language processing, including large transformer-based language models, can be applied to solve that issue. We apply a number of texts similarity measures to party political programs, analyze how they correlate with each other, and -- in the absence of a satisfactory benchmark -- evaluate them against other measures, including those based on expert surveys, voting records, electoral patterns, and candidate networks. Finally, we consider the prospects of relying on those methods to correct, supplement, and eventually replace expert judgments.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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