通过无序系统中不稳定性级联实现的对数老化
Logarithmic aging via instability cascades in disordered systems
AI总结：
该研究结合皱缩薄片实验与双稳态弹性网络模拟，揭示无序力学系统通过自相似不稳定性雪崩及随年龄增长的等待时间产生对数老化的结构机制。
摘要：
许多复杂无序系统在被淬火或扰动后无法达到平衡。相反，它们以不断减慢、依赖历史的速率迟缓地向平衡弛豫，这一过程被称为物理老化。老化期间动态减慢背后的微观过程，以及它在不同系统中相似出现的原因，仍知之甚少。在此，我们通过皱缩薄片实验和双稳态弹性单元无序网络模拟，揭示了无序力学系统中对数老化背后的结构机制。我们表明，在载荷下，系统自组织到一个处于不稳定性边缘的亚稳态，并能在那里停留很长但有限的时间。系统的弛豫是间歇性的，通过快速的不稳定性序列推进，这些序列聚集成自相似的老化雪崩。关键在于，由于最低有效能垒缓慢增加，雪崩之间的静止停留时间与系统年龄成比例增长，从而导致对数老化。
英文摘要：
Many complex and disordered systems fail to reach equilibrium after they have been quenched or perturbed. Instead, they sluggishly relax toward equilibrium at an ever-slowing, history-dependent rate, a process termed physical aging. The microscopic processes underlying the dynamic slow-down during aging and the reason for its similar occurrence in different systems remain poorly understood. Here, we reveal the structural mechanism underlying logarithmic aging in disordered mechanical systems, through experiments in crumpled sheets and simulations of a disordered network of bi-stable elastic elements. We show that under load, the system self-organizes to a metastable state poised on the verge of an instability, where it can remain for long, but finite times. The system's relaxation is intermittent, advancing via rapid sequences of instabilities, grouped into self-similar, aging avalanches. Crucially, the quiescent dwell times between avalanches grow in proportion to the system's age, due to a slow increase of the lowest effective energy barrier, which leads to logarithmic aging.
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