6G信道建模：需求、测量、方法论与模拟器
6G Channel Modeling: Requirement, Measurement, Methodology and Simulator
AI总结：
本文综述6G六大前沿技术的信道研究进展，梳理现有模拟器并介绍典型案例，探讨开放性问题，为6G信道相关研究与系统落地提供实用参考。
摘要：
第六代（6G）移动通信已在全球信息与通信技术（ICT）研究界引发广泛关注。6G系统预计不仅要支持扩展后的5G使用场景，还要支撑全新的使用场景，例如通感一体化（ISAC）、人工智能（AI）与通信融合，以及泛在连接通信。为实现这一目标，必须全面研究并合理利用信道特性，以推动6G系统的设计、标准化与优化工作。本文首先总结了6G信道研究中的需求与挑战，重点聚焦支撑6G的六大前沿技术对应的信道，包括通感一体化（ISAC）、超大规模MIMO（XL-MIMO）、中频段与太赫兹（THz）技术、可重构智能表面（RIS）以及空天地一体化网络（SAGIN）。本文从最新测量活动、新特性、建模方法及研究展望四个维度，对上述六大前沿技术方向的6G信道研究进展进行了综述。为支撑测试、优化与评估工作，本文梳理了现有的6G信道模拟器，并以BUPTCMCCCMG-IMT2030为例，介绍了一款基于ITU/3GPP三维几何随机模型（GBSM）方法论开发的模拟器。本文还探讨了6G信道研究领域的开放性问题，涵盖标准化活动、AI赋能方法以及系统性能分析等方向。本文为6G技术评估、6G标准制定以及6G系统部署与优化过程中的信道测量、建模与仿真最佳实践提供了深入且实用的见解。
英文摘要：
Sixth-generation (6G) mobile communications have attracted substantial attention in the global research community of information and communication technologies (ICTs). 6G systems are expected to support not only extended 5G usage scenarios but also new usage scenarios, such as integrated sensing and communication (ISAC), integrated artificial intelligence (AI) and communication, and communication and ubiquitous connectivity. To achieve this goal, channel characteristics must be comprehensively studied and properly exploited to promote the design, standardization, and optimization of 6G systems. In this paper, we first summarize the requirements and challenges in 6G channel research. Our focus is on channels for six promising technologies enabling 6G, including ISAC, extremely large-scale MIMO (XL-MIMO), mid-band and terahertz (THz) technologies, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs), and space-air-ground integrated networks (SAGINs). A survey of the progress in 6G channel research regarding the above six promising technologies is presented in terms of the latest measurement campaigns, new characteristics, modeling methods, and research prospects. To support testing, optimization and evaluation, existing 6G channel simulators are summarized. Then, BUPTCMCCCMG-IMT2030 is introduced as an example of a simulator that was developed on the basis of the ITU/3GPP 3D geometry-based stochastic model (GBSM) methodology. We also address open issues covering standardization activities, AI-enabled methods, and system performance analysis in the context of 6G channel research. This paper offers in-depth, hands-on insights into the best practices of channel measurements, modeling, and simulations for the evaluation of 6G technologies, the development of 6G standards, and the implementation and optimization of 6G systems.
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