Cross-lingual named entity recognition (NER) aims to train an NER system that generalizes well to a target language by leveraging labeled data in a given source language. Previous work alleviates the data scarcity problem by translating source-language labeled data or performing knowledge distillation on target-language unlabeled data. However, these methods may suffer from label noise due to the automatic labeling process. In this paper, we propose CoLaDa, a Collaborative Label Denoising Framework, to address this problem. Specifically, we first explore a model-collaboration-based denoising scheme that enables models trained on different data sources to collaboratively denoise pseudo labels used by each other. We then present an instance-collaboration-based strategy that considers the label consistency of each token's neighborhood in the representation space for denoising. Experiments on different benchmark datasets show that the proposed CoLaDa achieves superior results compared to previous methods, especially when generalizing to distant languages.
University of Southern California Information Sciences Institute（南加州大学信息科学研究所）；University of Colorado Boulder（科罗拉多大学博尔德分校）
Building named entity recognition (NER) models for languages that do not have much training data is a challenging task. While recent work has shown promising results on cross-lingual transfer from high-resource languages to low-resource languages, it is unclear what knowledge is transferred. In this paper, we first propose a simple and efficient neural architecture for cross-lingual NER. Experiments show that our model achieves competitive performance with the state-of-the-art. We further analyze how transfer learning works for cross-lingual NER on two transferable factors: sequential order an…
Department of Computer Science（计算机科学系）；ITU, IT University of Copenhagen（哥本哈根信息技术大学）
Named Entity Recognition (NER) has greatly advanced by the introduction of deep neural architectures. However, the success of these methods depends on large amounts of training data. The scarcity of publicly-available human-labeled datasets has resulted in limited evaluation of existing NER systems, as is the case for Danish. This paper studies the effectiveness of cross-lingual transfer for Danish, evaluates its complementarity to limited gold data, and sheds light on performance of Danish NER.
We present DualNER, a simple and effective framework to make full use of both annotated source language corpus and unlabeled target language text for zero-shot cross-lingual named entity recognition (NER). In particular, we combine two complementary learning paradigms of NER, i.e., sequence labeling and span prediction, into a unified multi-task framework. After obtaining a sufficient NER model trained on the source data, we further train it on the target data in a {\it dual-teaching} manner, in which the pseudo-labels for one task are constructed from the prediction of the other task. Moreove…
Cross-lingual named entity recognition (NER) suffers from data scarcity in the target languages, especially under zero-shot settings. Existing translate-train or knowledge distillation methods attempt to bridge the language gap, but often introduce a high level of noise. To solve this problem, consistency training methods regularize the model to be robust towards perturbations on data or hidden states. However, such methods are likely to violate the consistency hypothesis, or mainly focus on coarse-grain consistency. We propose ConNER as a novel consistency training framework for cross-lingual…
Carnegie Mellon University（卡内基梅隆大学）；University of Washington（华盛顿大学）；Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence（艾伦人工智能研究所）
For languages with no annotated resources, unsupervised transfer of natural language processing models such as named-entity recognition (NER) from resource-rich languages would be an appealing capability. However, differences in words and word order across languages make it a challenging problem. To improve mapping of lexical items across languages, we propose a method that finds translations based on bilingual word embeddings. To improve robustness to word order differences, we propose to use self-attention, which allows for a degree of flexibility with respect to word order. We demonstrate t…
We propose a novel approach for cross-lingual Named Entity Recognition (NER) zero-shot transfer using parallel corpora. We built an entity alignment model on top of XLM-RoBERTa to project the entities detected on the English part of the parallel data to the target language sentences, whose accuracy surpasses all previous unsupervised models. With the alignment model we can get pseudo-labeled NER data set in the target language to train task-specific model. Unlike using translation methods, this approach benefits from natural fluency and nuances in target-language original corpus. We also propo…
Entity linking -- the task of identifying references in free text to relevant knowledge base representations -- often focuses on single languages. We consider multilingual entity linking, where a single model is trained to link references to same-language knowledge bases in several languages. We propose a neural ranker architecture, which leverages multilingual transformer representations of text to be easily applied to a multilingual setting. We then explore how a neural ranker trained in one language (e.g. English) transfers to an unseen language (e.g. Chinese), and find that while there is …
For languages with no annotated resources, transferring knowledge from rich-resource languages is an effective solution for named entity recognition (NER). While all existing methods directly transfer from source-learned model to a target language, in this paper, we propose to fine-tune the learned model with a few similar examples given a test case, which could benefit the prediction by leveraging the structural and semantic information conveyed in such similar examples. To this end, we present a meta-learning algorithm to find a good model parameter initialization that could fast adapt to th…
University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学）；iFLYTEK Research（讯飞研究院）；Jilin Kexun Information Technology Co., Ltd.（吉林科讯信息技术有限公司）
Zero-shot cross-lingual named entity recognition (NER) aims at transferring knowledge from annotated and rich-resource data in source languages to unlabeled and lean-resource data in target languages. Existing mainstream methods based on the teacher-student distillation framework ignore the rich and complementary information lying in the intermediate layers of pre-trained language models, and domain-invariant information is easily lost during transfer. In this study, a mixture of short-channel distillers (MSD) method is proposed to fully interact the rich hierarchical information in the teache…
Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist)（北京信息科学与技术国家研究中心）；Microsoft Research（微软研究院）；Tsinghua University（清华大学）
Prior works in cross-lingual named entity recognition (NER) with no/little labeled data fall into two primary categories: model transfer based and data transfer based methods. In this paper we find that both method types can complement each other, in the sense that, the former can exploit context information via language-independent features but sees no task-specific information in the target language; while the latter generally generates pseudo target-language training data via translation but its exploitation of context information is weakened by inaccurate translations. Moreover, prior work…
Cross-lingual Named Entity Recognition (NER) has recently become a research hotspot because it can alleviate the data-hungry problem for low-resource languages. However, few researches have focused on the scenario where the source-language labeled data is also limited in some specific domains. A common approach for this scenario is to generate more training data through translation or generation-based data augmentation method. Unfortunately, we find that simply combining source-language data and the corresponding translation cannot fully exploit the translated data and the improvements obtaine…
Most state-of-the-art models for named entity recognition (NER) rely on the availability of large amounts of labeled data, making them challenging to extend to new, lower-resourced languages. However, there are now several proposed approaches involving either cross-lingual transfer learning, which learns from other highly resourced languages, or active learning, which efficiently selects effective training data based on model predictions. This paper poses the question: given this recent progress, and limited human annotation, what is the most effective method for efficiently creating high-qual…
Nanyang Technological University（南洋理工大学）；Salesforce Research Asia（Salesforce亚洲研究院）
Recently, neural methods have achieved state-of-the-art (SOTA) results in Named Entity Recognition (NER) tasks for many languages without the need for manually crafted features. However, these models still require manually annotated training data, which is not available for many languages. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised cross-lingual NER model that can transfer NER knowledge from one language to another in a completely unsupervised way without relying on any bilingual dictionary or parallel data. Our model achieves this through word-level adversarial learning and augmented fine-tuni…
Named entity recognition (NER) is a fundamental component in many applications, such as Web Search and Voice Assistants. Although deep neural networks greatly improve the performance of NER, due to the requirement of large amounts of training data, deep neural networks can hardly scale out to many languages in an industry setting. To tackle this challenge, cross-lingual NER transfers knowledge from a rich-resource language to languages with low resources through pre-trained multilingual language models. Instead of using training data in target languages, cross-lingual NER has to rely on only t…
The state-of-the-art named entity recognition (NER) systems are supervised machine learning models that require large amounts of manually annotated data to achieve high accuracy. However, annotating NER data by human is expensive and time-consuming, and can be quite difficult for a new language. In this paper, we present two weakly supervised approaches for cross-lingual NER with no human annotation in a target language. The first approach is to create automatically labeled NER data for a target language via annotation projection on comparable corpora, where we develop a heuristic scheme that …
Improving Pseudo Labels with Global-Local Denoising Framework for Cross-lingual Named Entity Recognition
Huazhong University of Science and Technology（华中科技大学）；Joint Laboratory of HUST and Pingan Property & Casualty Research (HPL)（华中科技大学与平安财产保险研究联合实验室）；Ping An Property & Casualty Insurance Company of China, Ltd.（中国平安财产保险股份有限公司）
Universal NER: A Gold-Standard Multilingual Named Entity Recognition Benchmark
Duolingo（多林哥公司）；University of Washington（华盛顿大学）；Georgia Institute of Technology（佐治亚理工学院）；Comenius University in Bratislava（布拉迪斯拉发考门斯基大学）；Cisco（思科公司）；National University Philippines（菲律宾国立大学）；University of Bath（巴斯大学）；Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence（北京人工智能研究院）；LMU Munich（慕尼黑大学）；Jožef Stefan Institute（约瑟夫·斯蒂芬研究所）；Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence（艾伦人工智能研究所）；IT University of Copenhagen（哥本哈根信息技术大学）；Inria Paris（法国国家信息与自动化研究所巴黎中心）；Sorbonne Université（索邦大学）；Ben-Gurion University（本-古里安大学）
本文提出社区驱动的 Universal NER 项目，构建覆盖 12 种语言、18 个数据集的金标准多语言 NER 基准，并提供语言内与跨语言基线模型及公开资源。
Entity Linking is one of the essential tasks of information extraction and natural language understanding. Entity linking mainly consists of two tasks: recognition and disambiguation of named entities. Most studies address these two tasks separately or focus only on one of them. Moreover, most of the state-of-the -art entity linking algorithms are either supervised, which have poor performance in the absence of annotated corpora or language-dependent, which are not appropriate for multi-lingual applications. In this paper, we introduce an Unsupervised Language-Independent Entity Disambiguation…
Traditional named entity recognition models use gazetteers (lists of entities) as features to improve performance. Although modern neural network models do not require such hand-crafted features for strong performance, recent work has demonstrated their utility for named entity recognition on English data. However, designing such features for low-resource languages is challenging, because exhaustive entity gazetteers do not exist in these languages. To address this problem, we propose a method of "soft gazetteers" that incorporates ubiquitously available information from English knowledge base…
Beihang University（北京航空航天大学）；National Computer Network Emergency Response Technical Team / Coordination Center of China（国家计算机网络应急技术处理协调中心）
For named entity recognition (NER) in zero-resource languages, utilizing knowledge distillation methods to transfer language-independent knowledge from the rich-resource source languages to zero-resource languages is an effective means. Typically, these approaches adopt a teacher-student architecture, where the teacher network is trained in the source language, and the student network seeks to learn knowledge from the teacher network and is expected to perform well in the target language. Despite the impressive performance achieved by these methods, we argue that they have two limitations. Fir…
IBM Research AI（IBM研究人工智能部门）；Kitchawan Road, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA（美国纽约州约克镇高地基奇瓦诺路1101号（IBM相关地址，按要求忽略地址细节，仅保留机构级别信息，但此处原文中该地址与前一affiliation同属一个机构，因此提取核心机构））
Relation extraction (RE) is one of the most important tasks in information extraction, as it provides essential information for many NLP applications. In this paper, we propose a cross-lingual RE approach that does not require any human annotation in a target language or any cross-lingual resources. Building upon unsupervised cross-lingual representation learning frameworks, we develop several deep Transformer based RE models with a novel encoding scheme that can effectively encode both entity location and entity type information. Our RE models, when trained with English data, outperform sever…
In this paper, we study a novel approach for named entity recognition (NER) and mention detection in natural language processing. Instead of treating NER as a sequence labelling problem, we propose a new local detection approach, which rely on the recent fixed-size ordinally forgetting encoding (FOFE) method to fully encode each sentence fragment and its left/right contexts into a fixed-size representation. Afterwards, a simple feedforward neural network is used to reject or predict entity label for each individual fragment. The proposed method has been evaluated in several popular NER and men…
University of Washington（华盛顿大学）；Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院）；Penn State University（宾夕法尼亚州立大学）；University of Wisconsin-Madison（威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校）；Studio Ousia（Ousia工作室）；RIKEN（日本理化学研究所）；Google Research（谷歌研究院）；The University of Texas at Austin（德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校）
We present the results of the Workshop on Multilingual Information Access (MIA) 2022 Shared Task, evaluating cross-lingual open-retrieval question answering (QA) systems in 16 typologically diverse languages. In this task, we adapted two large-scale cross-lingual open-retrieval QA datasets in 14 typologically diverse languages, and newly annotated open-retrieval QA data in 2 underrepresented languages: Tagalog and Tamil. Four teams submitted their systems. The best system leveraging iteratively mined diverse negative examples and larger pretrained models achieves 32.2 F1, outperforming our bas…
Microsoft Research（微软研究院）；Beijing Institute of Technology（北京理工大学）
Multilingual T5 (mT5) pretrains a sequence-to-sequence model on massive monolingual texts, which has shown promising results on many cross-lingual tasks. In this paper, we improve multilingual text-to-text transfer Transformer with translation pairs (mT6). Specifically, we explore three cross-lingual text-to-text pre-training tasks, namely, machine translation, translation pair span corruption, and translation span corruption. In addition, we propose a partially non-autoregressive objective for text-to-text pre-training. We evaluate the methods on eight multilingual benchmark datasets, includi…
Cross-lingual named-entity lexica are an important resource to multilingual NLP tasks such as machine translation and cross-lingual wikification. While knowledge bases contain a large number of entities in high-resource languages such as English and French, corresponding entities for lower-resource languages are often missing. To address this, we propose Lexical-Semantic-Phonetic Align (LSP-Align), a technique to automatically mine cross-lingual entity lexica from mined web data. We demonstrate LSP-Align outperforms baselines at extracting cross-lingual entity pairs and mine 164 million entity…
Johns Hopkins University（约翰斯·霍普金斯大学）；University of Rochester（罗切斯特大学）
Zero-shot cross-lingual information extraction (IE) describes the construction of an IE model for some target language, given existing annotations exclusively in some other language, typically English. While the advance of pretrained multilingual encoders suggests an easy optimism of "train on English, run on any language", we find through a thorough exploration and extension of techniques that a combination of approaches, both new and old, leads to better performance than any one cross-lingual strategy in particular. We explore techniques including data projection and self-training, and how d…
Data augmentation is an effective solution to data scarcity in low-resource scenarios. However, when applied to token-level tasks such as NER, data augmentation methods often suffer from token-label misalignment, which leads to unsatsifactory performance. In this work, we propose Masked Entity Language Modeling (MELM) as a novel data augmentation framework for low-resource NER. To alleviate the token-label misalignment issue, we explicitly inject NER labels into sentence context, and thus the fine-tuned MELM is able to predict masked entity tokens by explicitly conditioning on their labels. Th…
School of Computer Science and Informatics（计算机科学与信息学院）；Cardiff University（卡迪夫大学）
Language model (LM) pretraining has led to consistent improvements in many NLP downstream tasks, including named entity recognition (NER). In this paper, we present T-NER (Transformer-based Named Entity Recognition), a Python library for NER LM finetuning. In addition to its practical utility, T-NER facilitates the study and investigation of the cross-domain and cross-lingual generalization ability of LMs finetuned on NER. Our library also provides a web app where users can get model predictions interactively for arbitrary text, which facilitates qualitative model evaluation for non-expert pro…
Zero-resource named entity recognition (NER) severely suffers from data scarcity in a specific domain or language. Most studies on zero-resource NER transfer knowledge from various data by fine-tuning on different auxiliary tasks. However, how to properly select training data and fine-tuning tasks is still an open problem. In this paper, we tackle the problem by transferring knowledge from three aspects, i.e., domain, language and task, and strengthening connections among them. Specifically, we propose four practical guidelines to guide knowledge transfer and task fine-tuning. Based on these g…
Center for Artificial Intelligence Research (CAiRE)（人工智能研究中心（CAiRE））；The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology（香港科技大学）
In countries that speak multiple main languages, mixing up different languages within a conversation is commonly called code-switching. Previous works addressing this challenge mainly focused on word-level aspects such as word embeddings. However, in many cases, languages share common subwords, especially for closely related languages, but also for languages that are seemingly irrelevant. Therefore, we propose Hierarchical Meta-Embeddings (HME) that learn to combine multiple monolingual word-level and subword-level embeddings to create language-agnostic lexical representations. On the task of …
AKSW Research Group（AKSW研究组）；University of Leipzig（莱比锡大学）；Data Science Group（数据科学组）；University of Paderborn（帕德博恩大学）
Entity linking has recently been the subject of a significant body of research. Currently, the best performing approaches rely on trained mono-lingual models. Porting these approaches to other languages is consequently a difficult endeavor as it requires corresponding training data and retraining of the models. We address this drawback by presenting a novel multilingual, knowledge-based agnostic and deterministic approach to entity linking, dubbed MAG. MAG is based on a combination of context-based retrieval on structured knowledge bases and graph algorithms. We evaluate MAG on 23 data sets an…
Universität Hamburg（汉堡大学）；Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology（斯科尔科沃科学技术研究院）；Lomonosov Moscow State University（莫斯科罗蒙诺索夫国立大学）；AIRI（AIRI（人工智能研究所））；Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology（莫斯科物理技术学院）；FIZ Karlsruhe - Leibniz Institute for Information Infrastructure（FIZ卡尔斯鲁厄——莱布尼茨信息基础设施研究所）；Université Sorbonne Paris Nord（巴黎索邦北大学）；Vrije University of Amsterdam（阿姆斯特丹自由大学）；The Open University（开放大学）；University of Cagliari（卡利亚里大学）
This survey presents a comprehensive description of recent neural entity linking (EL) systems developed since 2015 as a result of the "deep learning revolution" in natural language processing. Its goal is to systemize design features of neural entity linking systems and compare their performance to the remarkable classic methods on common benchmarks. This work distills a generic architecture of a neural EL system and discusses its components, such as candidate generation, mention-context encoding, and entity ranking, summarizing prominent methods for each of them. The vast variety of modificat…
Understanding the semantic meaning of content on the web through the lens of entities and concepts has many practical advantages. However, when building large-scale entity extraction systems, practitioners are facing unique challenges involving finding the best ways to leverage the scale and variety of data available on internet platforms. We present learnings from our efforts in building an entity extraction system for multiple document types at large scale using multi-modal Transformers. We empirically demonstrate the effectiveness of multi-lingual, multi-task and cross-document type learnin…
HSE University（俄罗斯国立高等经济大学）；DeepPavlov lab, MIPT（莫斯科物理技术学院 DeepPavlov 实验室）；AIRI（人工智能研究所）；The Institute of Linguistics RAS（俄罗斯科学院语言学研究所）；Lomonosov Moscow State University（莫斯科国立罗蒙诺索夫大学）；Sber AI Centre（Sber 人工智能中心）
The vast majority of existing datasets for Named Entity Recognition (NER) are built primarily on news, research papers and Wikipedia with a few exceptions, created from historical and literary texts. What is more, English is the main source for data for further labelling. This paper aims to fill in multiple gaps by creating a novel dataset "Razmecheno", gathered from the diary texts of the project "Prozhito" in Russian. Our dataset is of interest for multiple research lines: literary studies of diary texts, transfer learning from other domains, low-resource or cross-lingual named entity recogn…
We propose an entity-centric neural cross-lingual coreference model that builds on multi-lingual embeddings and language-independent features. We perform both intrinsic and extrinsic evaluations of our model. In the intrinsic evaluation, we show that our model, when trained on English and tested on Chinese and Spanish, achieves competitive results to the models trained directly on Chinese and Spanish respectively. In the extrinsic evaluation, we show that our English model helps achieve superior entity linking accuracy on Chinese and Spanish test sets than the top 2015 TAC system without using…
Multilingual BERT (mBERT) trained on 104 languages has shown surprisingly good cross-lingual performance on several NLP tasks, even without explicit cross-lingual signals. However, these evaluations have focused on cross-lingual transfer with high-resource languages, covering only a third of the languages covered by mBERT. We explore how mBERT performs on a much wider set of languages, focusing on the quality of representation for low-resource languages, measured by within-language performance. We consider three tasks: Named Entity Recognition (99 languages), Part-of-speech Tagging, and Depend…
Code-switching is the use of more than one language in the same conversation or utterance. Recently, multilingual contextual embedding models, trained on multiple monolingual corpora, have shown promising results on cross-lingual and multilingual tasks. We present an evaluation benchmark, GLUECoS, for code-switched languages, that spans several NLP tasks in English-Hindi and English-Spanish. Specifically, our evaluation benchmark includes Language Identification from text, POS tagging, Named Entity Recognition, Sentiment Analysis, Question Answering and a new task for code-switching, Natural L…
Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学）；University of Southern California（南加州大学）
In this paper, we report our discovery on named entity distribution in a general word embedding space, which helps an open definition on multilingual named entity definition rather than previous closed and constraint definition on named entities through a named entity dictionary, which is usually derived from human labor and replies on schedule update. Our initial visualization of monolingual word embeddings indicates named entities tend to gather together despite of named entity types and language difference, which enable us to model all named entities using a specific geometric structure ins…
We propose a new formulation for multilingual entity linking, where language-specific mentions resolve to a language-agnostic Knowledge Base. We train a dual encoder in this new setting, building on prior work with improved feature representation, negative mining, and an auxiliary entity-pairing task, to obtain a single entity retrieval model that covers 100+ languages and 20 million entities. The model outperforms state-of-the-art results from a far more limited cross-lingual linking task. Rare entities and low-resource languages pose challenges at this large-scale, so we advocate for an incr…
City, University of London（伦敦大学城市学院）；Huawei Noah’s Ark Lab（华为诺亚方舟实验室）
Accurate alignment between languages is fundamental for improving cross-lingual pre-trained language models (XLMs). Motivated by the natural phenomenon of code-switching (CS) in multilingual speakers, CS has been used as an effective data augmentation method that offers language alignment at the word- or phrase-level, in contrast to sentence-level via parallel instances. Existing approaches either use dictionaries or parallel sentences with word alignment to generate CS data by randomly switching words in a sentence. However, such methods can be suboptimal as dictionaries disregard semantics, …
Cross-lingual entity linking maps an entity mention in a source language to its corresponding entry in a structured knowledge base that is in a different (target) language. While previous work relies heavily on bilingual lexical resources to bridge the gap between the source and the target languages, these resources are scarce or unavailable for many low-resource languages. To address this problem, we investigate zero-shot cross-lingual entity linking, in which we assume no bilingual lexical resources are available in the source low-resource language. Specifically, we propose pivot-based entit…
Zhejiang University of Technology（浙江工业大学）；Hangzhou Zhongao Technology Company Limited（杭州中奥科技有限公司）；Zhejiang Economic Information Center（浙江省经济信息中心）
Entity alignment is the task of finding entities representing the same real-world object in two knowledge graphs(KGs). Cross-lingual knowledge graph entity alignment aims to discover the cross-lingual links in the multi-language KGs, which is of great significance to the NLP applications and multi-language KGs fusion. In the task of aligning cross-language knowledge graphs, the structures of the two graphs are very similar, and the equivalent entities often have the same subgraph structure characteristics. The traditional GCN method neglects to obtain structural features through representative…
University of Oregon（俄勒冈大学）；Auburn University（奥本大学）；Peking University（北京大学）
Cross-lingual entity alignment, which aims to precisely connect the same entities in different monolingual knowledge bases (KBs) together, often suffers challenges from feature inconsistency to sequence context unawareness. This paper presents a dual adversarial learning framework for cross-lingual entity alignment, DAEA, with two original contributions. First, in order to address the structural and attribute feature inconsistency between entities in two knowledge graphs (KGs), an adversarial kernel embedding technique is proposed to extract graph-invariant information in an unsupervised manne…
Universal NER v2: Towards a Massively Multilingual Named Entity Recognition Benchmark
Northeastern University, USA（东北大学）；Duolingo, USA（Duolingo）；Comenius University Bratislava, Slovakia（布拉迪斯拉发康门尼大学）；University of British Columbia, Canada（不列颠哥伦比亚大学）；Alpinference, France（Alpinference）；Research Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Romanian Academy, Romania（罗马尼亚科学院人工智能研究所）；University of Ljubljana, Slovenia（卢布尔雅那大学）；Aristotle University of Thessaloniki / ILSP, Athena Research Center, Greece（雅典纳基大学 / ILSP, 雅典研究中心）；Universitas Pelita Harapan, Indonesia（佩利塔哈盼望大学）；Seoul National University, South Korea（首尔国立大学）；Independent Researcher, South Korea（韩国独立研究员）；Democritus University of Thrace, Greece（特拉布宗大学）；Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel（贝尼·格里大学）
本文提出Universal NER v2，旨在构建多语言命名实体识别基准数据集，通过通用标签集和详尽标注指南实现标准化跨语言标注，提升多语言NER评估的准确性与一致性。
FPT Technology Research Institute（FPT技术研究院）；FPT University（FPT大学）；Vietnam National University, Hanoi（河内国家大学）
The FPT.AI team participated in the SHINRA2020-ML subtask of the NTCIR-15 SHINRA task. This paper describes our method to solving the problem and discusses the official results. Our method focuses on learning cross-lingual representations, both on the word level and document level for page classification. We propose a three-stage approach including multilingual model pre-training, monolingual model fine-tuning and cross-lingual voting. Our system is able to achieve the best scores for 25 out of 30 languages; and its accuracy gaps to the best performing systems of the other five languages are r…
A major challenge in Entity Linking (EL) is making effective use of contextual information to disambiguate mentions to Wikipedia that might refer to different entities in different contexts. The problem exacerbates with cross-lingual EL which involves linking mentions written in non-English documents to entries in the English Wikipedia: to compare textual clues across languages we need to compute similarity between textual fragments across languages. In this paper, we propose a neural EL model that trains fine-grained similarities and dissimilarities between the query and candidate document fr…
