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M31卫星星系哈勃空间望远镜巡天 II. 超暗弱矮星系的恒星形成历史

The Hubble Space Telescope Survey of M31 Satellite Galaxies II. The Star Formation Histories of Ultra-Faint Dwarf Galaxies

A. Savino, D. R. Weisz, E. D. Skillman, A. Dolphin, A. A. Cole, N. Kallivayalil, A. Wetzel, J. Anderson, G. Besla, M. Boylan-Kolchin, T. M. Brown, J. S. Bullock… 展开作者

A. Savino, D. R. Weisz, E. D. Skillman, A. Dolphin, A. A. Cole, N. Kallivayalil, A. Wetzel, J. Anderson, G. Besla, M. Boylan-Kolchin, T. M. Brown, J. S. Bullock, M. L. M. Collins, M. C. Cooper, A. J. Deason, A. L. Dotter, M. Fardal, A. M. N. Ferguson, T. K. Fritz, M. C. Geha, K. M. Gilbert, P. Guhathakurta, R. Ibata, M. J. Irwin, M. Jeon, E. N. Kirby, G. F. Lewis, D. Mackey, S. R. Majewski, N. Martin, A. McConnachie, E. Patel, R. M. Rich, J. D. Simon, S. T. Sohn, E. J. Tollerud, R. P. van der Marel

AI总结:

基于哈勃望远镜成像,本文研究了M31的六个超暗弱矮星系的恒星形成历史,发现再电离并未均匀熄灭UFDs,并揭示了首个未被再电离熄灭的“年轻”UFD。

摘要:

我们基于由哈勃空间望远镜成像构建的深度颜色-星等图,展示了M31的六个超暗弱矮星系(UFD;$M_V>-7.0$,$4.9<\log_{10}({M_*(z=0)}/{M_{\odot}})<5.5$)卫星星系一生的恒星形成历史(SFHs)。这些是首次从银河系(MW)晕外UFD的最古老主序转折点获得的SFHs。我们发现五个UFD在$z=5$(126亿年前)形成了至少50%的恒星质量,与MW周围已知UFD相似,但10-40%的恒星质量形成于较晚时期。我们揭示了一个显著的UFD,\A{XIII},它在$z=5$时仅形成了10%的恒星质量,而75%在$z\sim2-3$的快速爆发中形成,该结果对底层恒星模型的选择具有鲁棒性,且与其以红色水平分支为主一致。这个“年轻”的UFD是首个此类星系,表明并非所有UFD都必然被再电离熄灭,这与若干暗弱矮星系宇宙学模拟的预测一致。MW和M31联合样本的SFHs表明再电离并未均匀地熄灭UFDs。我们发现质量最小的MW UFDs($M_*(z=5) \lesssim 5\times10^4 M_{\odot}$)可能被再电离熄灭,而质量更大的M31 UFDs($M_*(z=5) \gtrsim 10^5 M_{\odot}$)可能仅被再电离抑制恒星形成并在更晚时熄灭。我们在UFDs的演化与熄灭背景下讨论了这些发现。

英文摘要:

We present the lifetime star formation histories (SFHs) for six ultra-faint dwarf (UFD; $M_V>-7.0$, $ 4.9<\log_{10}({M_*(z=0)}/{M_{\odot}})<5.5$) satellite galaxies of M31 based on deep color-magnitude diagrams constructed from \textit{Hubble Space Telescope} imaging. These are the first SFHs obtained from the oldest main sequence turn-off of UFDs outside the halo of the Milky Way (MW). We find that five UFDs formed at least 50\% of their stellar mass by $z=5$ (12.6~Gyr ago), similar to known UFDs around the MW, but that 10-40\% of their stellar mass formed at later times. We uncover one remarkable UFD, \A{XIII}, which formed only 10\% of its stellar mass by $z=5$, and 75\% in a rapid burst at $z\sim2-3$, a result that is robust to choices of underlying stellar model and is consistent with its predominantly red horizontal branch. This "young" UFD is the first of its kind and indicates that not all UFDs are necessarily quenched by reionization, which is consistent with predictions from several cosmological simulations of faint dwarf galaxies. SFHs of the combined MW and M31 samples suggest reionization did not homogeneously quench UFDs. We find that the least massive MW UFDs ($M_*(z=5) \lesssim 5\times10^4 M_{\odot}$) are likely quenched by reionization, whereas more massive M31 UFDs ($M_*(z=5) \gtrsim 10^5 M_{\odot}$) may only have their star formation suppressed by reionization and quench at a later time. We discuss these findings in the context of the evolution and quenching of UFDs.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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