合作的机器心理学：GPT模型能否在经济博弈中将利他、合作、竞争和自私的提示词操作化？
The Machine Psychology of Cooperation: Can GPT models operationalise prompts for altruism, cooperation, competitiveness and selfishness in economic games?
AI总结：
本研究通过GPT-3.5在囚徒困境和独裁者博弈中测试LLM能否将合作、利他等自然语言提示操作化为相应行为，发现其在一次性博弈中表现较好，重复博弈中合作模拟体呈现条件互惠，后期模型还表现出利他行为，为LLM在合作任务中的应用提供了证据。
摘要：
我们研究了GPT-3.5大语言模型（LLM）在两种社会困境中将合作、竞争、利他和自利行为的自然语言描述操作化的能力：重复囚徒困境和一次性独裁者博弈。采用被试内实验设计，我们使用与人类被试实验心理学研究类似的协议，通过提示词描述任务环境。我们通过操纵提示词中用于创建具有不同合作与竞争立场的模拟人格的部分来检验研究问题。随后，我们评估了所得模拟体在每个社会困境中的合作水平，并考虑了重复博弈中不同伙伴条件的影响。我们的结果提供证据表明，LLM在一定程度上能够将不同合作立场的自然语言描述转化为相应任务行为的描述，尤其在一次性博弈中。有证据表明，在重复博弈中，合作模拟体表现出类似于条件互惠的行为，并且在模型的后期版本中存在利他行为的证据。我们的研究对在涉及合作的任务环境中使用LLM聊天机器人具有潜在意义，例如在公共物品谈判中使用聊天机器人作为调解者和促进者。
英文摘要：
We investigated the capability of the GPT-3.5 large language model (LLM) to operationalize natural language descriptions of cooperative, competitive, altruistic, and self-interested behavior in two social dilemmas: the repeated Prisoners Dilemma and the one-shot Dictator Game. Using a within-subject experimental design, we used a prompt to describe the task environment using a similar protocol to that used in experimental psychology studies with human subjects. We tested our research question by manipulating the part of our prompt which was used to create a simulated persona with different cooperative and competitive stances. We then assessed the resulting simulacras' level of cooperation in each social dilemma, taking into account the effect of different partner conditions for the repeated game. Our results provide evidence that LLMs can, to some extent, translate natural language descriptions of different cooperative stances into corresponding descriptions of appropriate task behaviour, particularly in the one-shot game. There is some evidence of behaviour resembling conditional reciprocity for the cooperative simulacra in the repeated game, and for the later version of the model there is evidence of altruistic behaviour. Our study has potential implications for using LLM chatbots in task environments that involve cooperation, e.g. using chatbots as mediators and facilitators in public-goods negotiations.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
