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arXiv 2305.07510astro-ph.HEastro-ph.GA
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来自档案RXTE数据的Mkn 421中的准周期振荡

A QPO in Mkn 421 from Archival RXTE Data

Evan Smith, Lani Oramas, Eric Perlman

AI总结:

基于RXTE长达15年的ASM数据,在耀变体Mkn 421的X射线辐射中发现了一个325天的准周期振荡,并探讨了其可能源于吸积盘-喷流相互作用及Lense-Thirring进动调制机制。

摘要:

我们基于罗西X射线时变探测器(RXTE)获得的数据,报告了耀变体Mkn 421的X射线辐射中存在一个325(-7, +8)天的准周期振荡(QPO)。该QPO在ASM数据中显著可见(至少15个周期),这是因为ASM在十多年间具有近乎连续的采样。PCA数据的采样不均匀且存在许多大的间隙,其在较低显著性水平上提供了支持性证据。该QPO同时存在于正比计数器阵列(PCA)和全天监测器(ASM)的光变曲线中,但在ASM数据中其置信度要高得多(32σ显著性),因为大部分PCA数据来自机会目标耀发观测,因此存在大量间隙。QPO是吸积盘中的重要可观测量,可以被各种轨道时标调制,并可能由多种机制产生。它们在X射线双星中已被广泛研究,如果活动星系核(AGN)受一套共同的物理原理支配,那么QPO也应存在于AGN中。在具有喷流的源中,QPO可以探测喷流-吸积盘相互作用或螺旋振荡。此前该QPO曾在X射线、射电和伽马射线数据中被断断续续地声称存在,但ASM观测的连续15年跨度(1996-2011年)(其中Mkn 421是被观测到的最亮AGN)提供了一个独特的窗口。该QPO似乎几乎存在于ASM观测的整个时段内。我们探讨了各种物理起源和调制机制,特别是将该QPO解释为盘-喷流相互作用的结果,这种相互作用可能源于吸积盘极限环、喷流不稳定性或螺旋运动。与极限环相关的振荡不会与开普勒或Lense-Thirring调制的振荡发生相互作用,而与喷流不稳定性或喷流中的螺旋运动相关的振荡则很可能受到Lense-Thirring进动的调制。

英文摘要:

We report a 325(-7, +8) day quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) in the X-ray emission of the blazar Mkn 421, based on data obtained with the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE). The QPO is seen prominently in the ASM data (at least 15 cycles), due to the fact that it has had near-continuous sampling for more than a decade. The PCA data, where the sampling is not uniform and shows many large gaps, provide supporting evidence at lower significance. This QPO is present in both the Proportional Counter Array (PCA) and All-Sky Monitor (ASM) light curves, however it is far more secure (32 sigma significance) in the ASM data since much of the PCA data are from target-of-opportunity flare observations and thus have substantial gaps. QPOs are an important observable in accretion disks, can be modulated by various orbital timescales, and may be generated by a number of mechanisms. They have been studied extensively in X-ray binaries, and should be present in active galactic nuclei (AGN) if they are governed by a common set of physical principles. In jetted sources, QPOs can probe jet-disk interactions or helical oscillations. This QPO previously has been claimed intermittently in X-ray, radio and gamma-ray data, but the continuous, 15-year extent (1996-2011) of the ASM observations (in which Mkn 421 is the brightest AGN observed) provides a unique window. The QPO appears present for nearly the entire extent of the ASM observations. We explore various physical origins and modulating mechanisms, particularly interpretations of the QPO as a result of disk-jet interactions, either due to an accretion disk limit cycle, jet instabilities or helical motions. Limit-cycle related oscillations would not interact with either Keplerian or Lense-Thirring modulated oscillations, however those associated with jet instabilities or helical motions in the jet would likely be modulated by Lense-Thirring precession.

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