We present the first 3D fully coupled magneto-thermal simulations of neutron stars (including the most realistic background structure and microphysical ingredients so far) applied to a very complex initial magnetic field topology in the crust, similar to what recently obtained by proto-neutron star dynamo simulations. In such configurations, most of the energy is stored in the toroidal field, while the dipolar component is a few percent of the mean magnetic field. This initial feature is maintained during the long-term evolution (1e6 yr), since the Hall term favours a direct cascade (compensating for Ohmic dissipation) rather than a strong inverse cascade, for such an initial field topology. The surface dipolar component, responsible for the dominant electromagnetic spin-down torque, does not show any increase in time, when starting from this complex initial topology. This is at contrast with the timing properties of young pulsars and magnetars which point to higher values of the surface dipolar fields. A possibility is that the deep-seated magnetic field (currents in the core) is able to self-organize in large scales (during the collapse or in the early life of a neutron star). Alternatively, the dipolar field might be lower than is usually thought, with magnetosphere substantially contributing to the observed high spin-down, via e.g., strong winds or strong coronal magnetic loops, which can also provide a natural explanation to the tiny surface hotspots inferred from X-ray data.
The ALMA carbon monoxide supernova (ACOS) survey II. Turbulent giant molecular clouds at the positions of core-collapse supernovae
Adam Mickiewicz University（亚当·密茨凯维奇大学）；Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias（加那利天体物理研究所）；Universidad de La Laguna (ULL)（拉帕卢纳大学）；Stockholm University（斯德哥尔摩大学）；Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas（希腊研究与技术基金会）；National and Kapodistrian University of Athens（雅典国立卡波季斯特里安大学）；University of Costa Rica（哥斯达黎加大学）；Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC)（空间科学研究所）；Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC)（加泰罗尼亚空间研究学院）；University of Copenhagen（哥本哈根大学）
The Interplay of Magnetic Fields, Turbulence and Vorticity in Core-Collapse Supernovae
North Carolina State University（北卡罗来纳州立大学）；Clausthal University of Technology（克劳塔尔工业大学）；Oak Ridge National Laboratory（橡树岭国家实验室）；University of Basel（巴塞尔大学）
