arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2305.02810cs.CLcs.LG
收藏

基于变分自编码器与注意力的可解释句子表示

Interpretable Sentence Representation with Variational Autoencoders and Attention

Université Sorbonne Paris-Nord(索邦巴黎北大学);Laboratoire d’Informatique de Paris-Nord(巴黎北信息学实验室);Sorbonne Paris Cité(巴黎索邦西岱大学);Université Paris Sorbonne(巴黎索邦大学);Université Paris-Saclay(巴黎萨克雷大学);Sorbonne Université(索邦大学);Université Grenoble Alpes(格勒诺布尔阿尔卑斯大学)

Ghazi Felhi

AI总结:

针对NLP中无标注数据下表示学习可解释性不足的问题,本文优化半监督VAE结构,并提出ADVAE和QKVAE两种模型,可无监督分离句法、语义信息,性能媲美有监督模型,提升了语言建模架构的可解释性。

摘要:

本论文提出了在无标注数据可用的情况下,提升自然语言处理(NLP)领域现有表示学习技术可解释性的方法。我们选择利用变分自编码器(Variational Autoencoders, VAEs),原因在于其能高效建立观测数据与潜在生成因子之间的关联,且在数据高效学习和可解释表示学习方面表现出色。第一项贡献是,我们识别并移除了半监督VAE运行机制中的冗余组件,使其运行速度更快、模型体积更小且更易于设计。第二项也是核心贡献是,结合VAE与Transformer构建了两个具备归纳偏置的模型,无需标注数据即可将潜在表示中的信息拆分为可理解的概念。第一个模型为注意力驱动VAE(Attention-Driven VAE, ADVAE),能够独立表示并控制句子中句法角色相关的信息。第二个模型为QKVAE,它使用独立的潜在变量为其Transformer解码器生成键和值,能够在神经表示中分离句法与语义信息。在迁移实验中,QKVAE的性能与监督模型相比具有竞争力,且与使用5万条标注样本的监督模型性能相当。此外,与ADVAE相比,QKVAE展现出更优的句法角色解耦能力。总体而言,我们证明了在文本数据充足但标注稀缺的场景下,利用无标注数据提升最先进语言建模深度学习架构的可解释性是可行的。

英文摘要:

In this thesis, we develop methods to enhance the interpretability of recent representation learning techniques in natural language processing (NLP) while accounting for the unavailability of annotated data. We choose to leverage Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) due to their efficiency in relating observations to latent generative factors and their effectiveness in data-efficient learning and interpretable representation learning. As a first contribution, we identify and remove unnecessary components in the functioning scheme of semi-supervised VAEs making them faster, smaller and easier to design. Our second and main contribution is to use VAEs and Transformers to build two models with inductive bias to separate information in latent representations into understandable concepts without annotated data. The first model, Attention-Driven VAE (ADVAE), is able to separately represent and control information about syntactic roles in sentences. The second model, QKVAE, uses separate latent variables to form keys and values for its Transformer decoder and is able to separate syntactic and semantic information in its neural representations. In transfer experiments, QKVAE has competitive performance compared to supervised models and equivalent performance to a supervised model using 50K annotated samples. Additionally, QKVAE displays improved syntactic role disentanglement capabilities compared to ADVAE. Overall, we demonstrate that it is possible to enhance the interpretability of state-of-the-art deep learning architectures for language modeling with unannotated data in situations where text data is abundant but annotations are scarce.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑