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arXiv 2305.01985cs.NI
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迈向实时物联网:网络物理系统中传入数据包处理的方法

Towards a Real-Time IoT: Approaches for Incoming Packet Processing in Cyber-Physical Systems

Ilja Behnke, Christoph Blumschein, Robert Danicki, Philipp Wiesner, Lauritz Thamsen, Odej Kao

AI总结:

本文提出软件与硬件两种方法,分别通过早期分类与优先级处理及基于实时优先级的中断调节,实现无实时基础设施下物联网设备的数据包实时接收,实验显示网络负载可提升七倍。

摘要:

用于网络物理系统中监测、控制和协作目的的嵌入式实时设备现在通常配备IP网络功能。然而,IP数据包的接收和处理会产生不可预测频率的工作负载,因为网络不在开发者的控制范围内且难以预测,尤其是当网络连接到互联网时。目前,嵌入式网络控制器和IP协议栈并非为实时能力而设计,即使在实时环境和操作系统中使用也是如此。我们的工作专注于在没有实时网络基础设施的情况下,从开放网络连接中进行实时感知的数据包接收。本文介绍了对受限物联网设备的IP处理子系统和嵌入式网络接口控制器的两种实验评估的修改。第一种是我们的软件方法,在网络驱动中引入早期数据包分类和基于优先级的处理。在我们的实验中,这使得网络子系统在禁用接收中断作为最后手段之前,能够在网络流量负载增加七倍的情况下保持活跃。第二种是我们的硬件方法,对网络接口控制器进行更改,基于实时优先级应用中断调节,以最小化网络生成的中断数量。此外,本文展望了如何将软件和硬件方法结合在协同设计的数据包接收架构中。

英文摘要:

Embedded real-time devices for monitoring, controlling, and collaboration purposes in cyber-physical systems are now commonly equipped with IP networking capabilities. However, the reception and processing of IP packets generates workloads in unpredictable frequencies as networks are outside of a developer's control and difficult to anticipate, especially when networks are connected to the internet. As of now, embedded network controllers and IP stacks are not designed for real-time capabilities, even when used in real-time environments and operating systems. Our work focuses on real-time aware packet reception from open network connections, without a real-time networking infrastructure. This article presents two experimentally evaluated modifications to the IP processing subsystem and embedded network interface controllers of constrained IoT devices. The first, our software approach, introduces early packet classification and priority-aware processing in the network driver. In our experiments this allowed the network subsystem to remain active at a seven-fold increase in network traffic load before disabling the receive interrupts as a last resort. The second, our hardware approach, makes changes to the network interface controller, applying interrupt moderation based on real-time priorities to minimize the number of network-generated interrupts. Furthermore, this article provides an outlook on how the software and hardware approaches can be combined in a co-designed packet receive architecture.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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