脂质交换促进模型原始细胞的融合
Lipid exchange promotes fusion of model protocells
AI总结：
针对传统融合剂无法诱导脂肪酸模型原始细胞囊泡完全融合的问题，本研究提出脂质交换可扰乱脂质排列触发融合，并通过实验与模拟验证该结论，为探究膜生物物理约束原始细胞进化提供依据。
摘要：
囊泡融合是细胞分裂、物质运输及膜转运过程的重要基础。在磷脂系统中，包括二价阳离子和耗尽剂在内的多种融合剂已被证实可诱导囊泡间发生粘附、半融合，进而实现内容物完全融合。本研究表明，这些融合剂对用作模型原始细胞（primitive cells，即原始细胞）的脂肪酸囊泡无法发挥相同作用。即便脂肪酸囊泡看似已相互粘附或处于半融合状态，囊泡间的间隔屏障也不会破裂。这种差异很可能源于脂肪酸仅具有一条脂肪族尾部，且比磷脂更具动态性。为解决这一问题，我们提出融合可在脂质交换等能扰乱脂质排列的条件下发生。结合实验与分子动力学模拟，我们证实脂肪酸系统中的融合确实可由脂质交换诱导。这些结果初步揭示了膜生物物理学如何约束原始细胞的进化动力学。
英文摘要：
Vesicle fusion is an important process underlying cell division, transport, and membrane trafficking. In phospholipid systems, a range of fusogens including divalent cations and depletants have been shown to induce adhesion, hemifusion, and then full content fusion between vesicles. This works shows that these fusogens do not perform the same function for fatty acid vesicles, which are used as model protocells (primitive cells). Even when fatty acid vesicles appear adhered or hemifused to each other, the intervening barriers between vesicles do not rupture. This difference is likely because fatty acids have a single aliphatic tail, and are more dynamic than their phospholipid counterparts. To address this, we postulate that fusion could instead occur under conditions, such as lipid exchange, that disrupt lipid packing. Using both experiments and molecular dynamics simulations, we verify that fusion in fatty acid systems can indeed be induced by lipid exchange. These results begin to probe how membrane biophysics could constrain the evolutionary dynamics of protocells.
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