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arXiv 2304.11264astro-ph.GA
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利用VLT/MUSE自适应光学积分场单元数据重新审视M87*的黑洞质量 I:电离气体运动学

Revisiting the black hole mass of M87* using VLT/MUSE Adaptive Optics Integral Field Unit data I: Ionized gas kinematics

J. Osorno, N. Nagar, T. Richtler, P. Humire, K. Gebhardt, K. Gultekin

AI总结:

本文利用VLT/MUSE深度积分场光谱数据研究M87核区电离气体运动学,揭示其复杂形态与翘曲盘结构,支持存在约6.0×10⁹太阳质量的黑洞,并解释了恒星动力学与气体运动学测量结果不一致的原因。

摘要:

基于恒星动力学的M87黑洞质量测量结果是基于电离气体运动学所测结果的两倍;前者更接近根据黑洞周围引力透镜环直径得到的估计值。利用更深、更全面的电离气体运动学数据,我们旨在更好地约束核区电离气体的形态和运动学,从而深入理解这些测量结果不一致的原因。我们使用来自Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer仪器的窄场和宽场模式积分场光谱数据,对M87核区多条电离气体发射线的形态和运动学进行建模。新的深度数据集揭示了核区电离气体运动学的复杂性。若干电离气体纤维可以被追踪到投影影响球范围内。我们还发现了部分填充的双锥形外流的证据。电离气体盘的速度等值线发生扭曲,最内侧气体盘的位置角趋向于与射电喷流轴垂直的方向。核区形态和运动学的复杂性使得无法测量出精确的黑洞质量。结果支持在倾角为25°的盘中存在一个6.0 $\times 10^{9}\rm M_{\odot}$的黑洞,而非在倾角为42°的盘中存在一个3.5 $\times 10^{9}\rm M_{\odot}$的黑洞。我们还检验了此前为调和质量测量差异而提出的特定RIAF模型。总体而言,在拟合亚角秒尺度的电离气体盘时,开普勒盘模型的表现优于RIAF模型。核区气体盘接近25°的倾角以及亚角秒尺度电离气体盘的翘曲,有助于调和恒星质量与电离气体黑洞质量之间的矛盾差异,以及电离气体盘轴与喷流轴之间的取向偏差。

英文摘要:

The stellar dynamic-based black hole mass measurements of M87 are twice that determined via ionized gas kinematics; the former is closer to the estimation from the diameter of the gravitationally-lensed ring around the black hole. Using deeper and more comprehensive ionized gas kinematic data, we aim to better constrain the morphology and kinematics of the nuclear ionized gas, thus gaining insights into the reasons behind the disagreement of the measurements. We use both Narrow and Wide Field Mode integral field spectroscopic data from the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer instrument, to model the morphology and kinematics of multiple ionized gas emission lines in the nucleus of M87. The new deep dataset reveals complexities in the nuclear ionized gas kinematics. Several ionized gas filaments can be traced down into the projected sphere of influence. We also found evidence of a partially-filled biconical outflow. The velocity isophotes of the ionized gas disk are twisted and the position angle of the innermost gas disk tends toward a value perpendicular to the radio jet axis. The complexity of the nuclear morphology and kinematics precludes the measurement of an accurate black hole mass. The results support a 6.0 $\times 10^{9}\rm M_{\odot}$ black hole in a 25°disk, rather than a 3.5 $\times 10^{9}\rm M_{\odot}$ black hole in a 42°disk. The specific RIAF model earlier proposed to reconcile the mass measurement discrepancy was also tested. In general, Keplerian disk models perform better than the RIAF model when fitting the sub-arcsec ionized gas disk. A disk inclination close to 25°for the nuclear gas disk, and the warp in the sub-arcsec ionized gas disk, help to reconcile the contradictory nature of the mass discrepancy between stellar and ionized gas black hole masses, and the mis-orientation between the axes of the ionized gas disk and the jet.

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