多用途的模拟平台用于模拟量子系统
A Multi-Purpose Platform for Analog Quantum Simulation
AI总结：
本研究提出了一种基于$^6$Li的量子气体平台，能够广泛应用于多种量子多体问题的模拟，通过双室架构实现超流体和光学晶格势能的研究。
摘要：
基于原子的量子模拟器在解决复杂的量子多体问题上取得了巨大成功，这归功于它们对系统参数的精确和动态控制。然而，它们通常被优化以解决特定类型的问题。在这里，我们介绍了基于$^6$Li的量子气体平台的设计和实现，该平台具有广泛的能力，能够解决各种量子多体问题。我们的双室架构依赖于灰色迷雾和从激光冷却室到具有优异光学访问的玻璃细胞的光学传输的稳健且易于实现的组合。在那里，我们首先在三维轴对称谐振子陷阱中创建单位元 Fermi 超流体，并使用原位热力学测量来表征它们，达到低于 20 nK 的温度。这使我们能够进入深度超流体区域，其中样本极稀，粒子间距足够大，可以进行直接单原子成像。其次，我们生成具有三角形和蜂窝几何结构的光学晶格势能，在其中研究分子玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的衍射，并展示如何超越 Kapitza-Dirac 境界使我们能够无歧义地区分两种几何结构。凭借在离散和连续空间中探测量子多体物理的能力，以及其适用于整体和单原子成像的适用性，我们的装置代表了实现广泛量子模拟器的重要一步。
英文摘要：
Atom-based quantum simulators have had tremendous success in tackling challenging quantum many-body problems, owing to the precise and dynamical control that they provide over the systems' parameters. They are, however, often optimized to address a specific type of problems. Here, we present the design and implementation of a $^6$Li-based quantum gas platform that provides wide-ranging capabilities and is able to address a variety of quantum many-body problems. Our two-chamber architecture relies on a robust and easy-to-implement combination of gray molasses and optical transport from a laser-cooling chamber to a glass cell with excellent optical access. There, we first create unitary Fermi superfluids in a three-dimensional axially symmetric harmonic trap and characterize them using in situ thermometry, reaching temperatures below 20 nK. This allows us to enter the deep superfluid regime with samples of extreme diluteness, where the interparticle spacing is sufficiently large for direct single-atom imaging. Secondly, we generate optical lattice potentials with triangular and honeycomb geometry in which we study diffraction of molecular Bose-Einstein condensates, and show how going beyond the Kapitza-Dirac regime allows us to unambiguously distinguish between the two geometries. With the ability to probe quantum many-body physics in both discrete and continuous space, and its suitability for bulk and single-atom imaging, our setup represents an important step towards achieving a wide-scope quantum simulator.
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