关于《AI法案》估计影响的定量研究
Quantitative study about the estimated impact of the AI Act
AI总结：
本文提出一种系统性方法，对德国AI产品项目按《AI法案》初稿进行分类评估，发现仅约30%受监管，强调需更具体表述并支持法规生效前的动态评估。
摘要：
随着提出制定人工智能协调规则的法规（《AI法案》），欧盟提供了首个适用于整个AI系统领域的监管文件。有人担心该法规留有太大的解释空间，因此对社会带来的益处甚微；另一些人则预期该法规过于严格，从而阻碍进步与创新，并妨碍欧盟内企业的经济成功。若缺乏系统性方法，很难评估它将如何实际影响AI格局。在本文中，我们提出了一种系统性方法，并将其应用于2021年4月发布的《AI法案》初稿。我们经历了多次迭代，整理了Lernende Systeme平台所列出的德国境内及来自德国的AI产品与项目清单，随后与计算机科学和法学领域的专家一起，根据《AI法案》对它们进行了分类。我们的研究表明需要更具体的表述，因为对于某些条款，往往不清楚它们是否适用于特定案例。除此之外，结果显示，在所考量的AI系统中，仅约30%会受到《AI法案》的监管，其余将被归类为低风险。然而，由于数据库不具代表性，结果仅提供了初步评估。所提出的过程可应用于任何集合，并在法规即将变更时重复进行。这使得在法规生效前，能够对过度监管或监管不足的担忧进行调查。
英文摘要：
With the Proposal for a Regulation laying down harmonised rules on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act) the European Union provides the first regulatory document that applies to the entire complex of AI systems. While some fear that the regulation leaves too much room for interpretation and thus bring little benefit to society, others expect that the regulation is too restrictive and, thus, blocks progress and innovation, as well as hinders the economic success of companies within the EU. Without a systematic approach, it is difficult to assess how it will actually impact the AI landscape. In this paper, we suggest a systematic approach that we applied on the initial draft of the AI Act that has been released in April 2021. We went through several iterations of compiling the list of AI products and projects in and from Germany, which the Lernende Systeme platform lists, and then classified them according to the AI Act together with experts from the fields of computer science and law. Our study shows a need for more concrete formulation, since for some provisions it is often unclear whether they are applicable in a specific case or not. Apart from that, it turns out that only about 30\% of the AI systems considered would be regulated by the AI Act, the rest would be classified as low-risk. However, as the database is not representative, the results only provide a first assessment. The process presented can be applied to any collections, and also repeated when regulations are about to change. This allows fears of over- or under-regulation to be investigated before the regulations comes into effect.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
