The magnetic structure is crucial in determining the physical properties inherent in magnetic compounds. We present an adequate descriptor for magnetic structure with proper magnetic symmetry and high discrimination performance, which does not depend on artificial choices for coordinate origin, axis, and magnetic unit cell in crystal. We extend the formalism called ``smooth overlap of atomic positions'' (SOAP), providing a numerical representation of atomic configurations to that of magnetic moment configurations. We introduce the descriptor in terms of the vector spherical harmonics to describe a magnetic moment configuration and partial spectra from the expansion coefficients. We discuss that the lowest-order partial spectrum is insufficient to discriminate the magnetic structures with different magnetic anisotropy, and a higher-order partial spectrum is required in general to differentiate detailed magnetic structures on the same atomic configuration. We then introduce the fourth-order partial spectrum and evaluate the discrimination performance for different magnetic structures, mainly focusing on the difference in magnetic symmetry. The modified partial spectra that are defined not to reflect the difference of magnetic anisotropy are also useful in evaluating magnetic structures obtained from the first-principles calculations performed without spin-orbit coupling. We apply the present method to the symmetry-classified magnetic structures for the crystals of Mn$_3$Ir and Mn$_3$Sn, which are known to exhibit anomalous transport under the antiferromagnetic order, and examine the discrimination performance of the descriptor for different magnetic structures on the same crystal.
Bridging Crystal Structure and Material Properties via Bond-Centric Descriptors
Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research（高压科学与技术前沿研究中心）；Renmin University of China（中国人民大学）；Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院物理研究所）；Field Quantum Research Institute（场量子研究所）；Ningbo University（宁波大学）
Reduced vortex descriptors linking polycrystallinity in magnetic nanoparticles with polarized magnetic small-angle neutron scattering
Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter（马克斯·普朗克物质结构与动力学研究所）；Center for Free-Electron Laser Science（自由电子激光科学中心）；Ghent University（根特大学）；University of Luxembourg（卢森堡大学）；Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Luxembourg（卢森堡大学高等研究院）
