热特性与挥发性在液滴铺展中的复杂作用：Tanner定律的推广
Intricate Role of Thermal Properties and Volatility in Droplet Spreading: A Generalization to Tanner's Law
AI总结：
针对挥发性液滴铺展机制不明确的问题，本文结合建模与实验揭示了毛细、蒸发与热Marangoni效应的时空作用规律，推广Tanner定律得到蒸发液滴铺展定律，为多场景液体输运调控提供了理论支撑。
摘要：
液滴铺展现象普遍存在，在液相能源系统、热管理器件及微流控技术中发挥着重要作用。尽管非挥发性液滴的铺展已得到定量阐释，但由于界面相变与非平衡热输运带来的复杂性，挥发性液滴的铺展及流动转变机制仍不明确。本文通过数学建模与实验研究表明，挥发性液滴的润湿动力学可通过毛细作用、蒸发作用与热Marangoni效应之间的时空相互作用进行标度。我们基于系统的理论与实验研究，利用相图阐明并量化了这些复杂的相互作用。通过将适用于非挥发性液体的Tanner定律推广至饱和蒸气压范围为10^1至10^4 Pa的各类液体、以及热导率为10^{-1}至10^3 W/m/K的基底上，本文推导出了蒸发液滴的铺展定律。该结论除了在流体相关工业中具有重要意义外，还能对包括流动反转判据和动态润湿状态在内的一系列独立研究工作给出统一解释，使得在多种应用场景中调控液体输运成为可能。
英文摘要：
Droplet spreading is ubiquitous and plays a significant role in liquid-based energy systems, thermal management devices, and microfluidics. While the spreading of non-volatile droplets is quantitatively understood, the spreading and flow transition in volatile droplets remains elusive due to the complexity added by interfacial phase change and non-equilibrium thermal transport. Here we show, using both mathematical modeling and experiments, that the wetting dynamics of volatile droplets can be scaled by the spatial-temporal interplay between capillary, evaporation, and thermal Marangoni effects. We elucidate and quantify these complex interactions using phase diagrams based on systematic theoretical and experimental investigations. A spreading law of evaporative droplets is derived by generalizing Tanner's law (valid for non-volatile liquids) to a full range of liquids with saturation vapor pressure spanning from 10^1 to 10^4 Pa and on substrates with thermal conductivity from 10^{-1} to 10^3 W/m/K. Besides its importance in fluid-based industries, the conclusions also enable a unifying explanation to a series of individual works including the criterion of flow reversal and the state of dynamic wetting, making it possible to control liquid transport in diverse application scenarios.
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