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关于大规模深度学习模型的高效训练:文献综述

On Efficient Training of Large-Scale Deep Learning Models: A Literature Review

JD Explore Academy(京东探索研究院);The University of Sydney(悉尼大学);University of Science and Technology of China(中国科学技术大学)

Li Shen, Yan Sun, Zhiyuan Yu, Liang Ding, Xinmei Tian, Dacheng Tao

AI总结:

本文综述了大规模深度学习模型的高效训练加速技术,将基本更新公式划分为数据、模型、优化、预算和系统五个中心视角,全面总结了各组件的加速机制与联合交互作用。

摘要:

深度学习领域取得了显著进展,特别是在计算机视觉(CV)、自然语言处理(NLP)和语音方面。在海量数据上训练的大规模模型在实际应用中具有巨大前景,能够提升工业生产力并促进社会发展。随着对计算能力需求的不断增加,尽管已有许多研究探索了高效训练,但对深度学习模型训练加速技术的全面总结仍备受期待。在本综述中,我们对训练加速进行了详细回顾。我们考虑了基本的更新公式,并将其基本组成部分划分为五个主要视角:(1) 以数据为中心:包括数据集正则化、数据采样和以数据为中心的课程学习技术,可以显著降低数据样本的计算复杂度;(2) 以模型为中心:包括基础模块加速、压缩训练、模型初始化和以模型为中心的课程学习技术,侧重于通过减少参数计算来加速训练;(3) 以优化为中心:包括学习率选择、大批量使用、高效目标设计及模型平均技术,关注训练策略并提升大规模模型的泛化性;(4) 预算训练:包括在资源受限情况下的一些独特加速方法;(5) 以系统为中心:包括一些高效的开源分布式库/系统,为实现加速算法提供充足的硬件支持。通过提出这一全面的分类体系,我们的综述全面回顾了各组件内部的一般机制及其联合交互作用。

英文摘要:

The field of deep learning has witnessed significant progress, particularly in computer vision (CV), natural language processing (NLP), and speech. The use of large-scale models trained on vast amounts of data holds immense promise for practical applications, enhancing industrial productivity and facilitating social development. With the increasing demands on computational capacity, though numerous studies have explored the efficient training, a comprehensive summarization on acceleration techniques of training deep learning models is still much anticipated. In this survey, we present a detailed review for training acceleration. We consider the fundamental update formulation and split its basic components into five main perspectives: (1) data-centric: including dataset regularization, data sampling, and data-centric curriculum learning techniques, which can significantly reduce the computational complexity of the data samples; (2) model-centric, including acceleration of basic modules, compression training, model initialization and model-centric curriculum learning techniques, which focus on accelerating the training via reducing the calculations on parameters; (3) optimization-centric, including the selection of learning rate, the employment of large batchsize, the designs of efficient objectives, and model average techniques, which pay attention to the training policy and improving the generality for the large-scale models; (4) budgeted training, including some distinctive acceleration methods on source-constrained situations; (5) system-centric, including some efficient open-source distributed libraries/systems which provide adequate hardware support for the implementation of acceleration algorithms. By presenting this comprehensive taxonomy, our survey presents a comprehensive review to understand the general mechanisms within each component and their joint interaction.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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