玻姆理论中基于退相干的经典极限方法
A decoherence-based approach to the classical limit in Bohm's theory
AI总结：
本文基于退相干机制，通过环境相互作用产生有效波函数、局域化高斯态及量子势可忽略三个步骤，解释了 de Broglie-Bohm 理论在宏观经典极限下还原为牛顿力学的原因。
摘要：
本文解释了为什么 de Broglie-Bohm 理论在宏观经典极限下会还原为牛顿力学。量子到经典的转变基于三个步骤：(i) 与环境的相互作用产生有效因子化的状态，导致有效波函数的形成，从而产生退相干；(ii) 由环境选择的有效波函数——即退相干理论中的指针态——将是充分局域化的波包，通常是高斯态；(iii) 在标准经典性条件下，高斯态的量子势变得可忽略不计；因此，在正确的经典极限下，有效波函数将按照牛顿力学运动。结果是，与环境相互作用的玻姆系统将由有效高斯态描述，并且——当系统是宏观的时——它将按照牛顿力学运动。
英文摘要：
The paper explains why the de Broglie-Bohm theory reduces to Newtonian mechanics in the macroscopic classical limit. The quantum-to-classical transition is based on three steps: (i) interaction with the environment produces effectively factorized states, leading to the formation of effective wave functions and hence decoherence; (ii) the effective wave functions selected by the environment--the pointer states of decoherence theory--will be well-localized wave packets, typically Gaussian states; (iii) the quantum potential of a Gaussian state becomes negligible under standard classicality conditions; therefore, the effective wave function will move according to Newtonian mechanics in the correct classical limit. As a result, a Bohmian system in interaction with the environment will be described by an effective Gaussian state and--when the system is macroscopic--it will move according to Newtonian mechanics.
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