多组分暗物质中的动力学弛豫与玻色星形成 I
Kinetic relaxation and Bose-star formation in multicomponent dark matter- I
AI总结：
本文利用波动力学和3+1维模拟研究了多组分薛定谔-泊松系统中玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体和玻色星的涌现时间尺度，分析了自旋场和多标量组分情形下的凝聚动力学。
摘要：
利用波动力学，我们估计了一般多组分薛定谔-泊松（SP）系统在动力学机制下引力玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体/玻色星的涌现时间尺度。我们识别了波动力学玻尔兹曼方程中扩散和摩擦项的效应（在微扰理论的领先阶），并提供了凝聚体动力学成核率的估计。我们使用多组分SP系统的完整3+1维模拟测试了我们的分析。着眼于多组分暗物质的应用，我们详细研究了两个一般情形。第一个是具有N=2s+1个组分的质量自旋s场（标量s=0，矢量s=1和张量s=2）。我们发现，对于不同组分的均匀分布，凝聚时间尺度为τ_(s)≈τ_0×N，其中τ_0是标量情形的凝聚时间尺度。第二个是具有不同玻色子质量的两个标量的情形。在这种情况下，我们绘制了凝聚时间如何依赖于它们的平均质量密度比和玻色子质量比，揭示了各组分之间的竞争与协助，并指导哪个组分先凝聚。例如，当m_1 < m_2且质量密度差异不大时，我们验证了第一物种的凝聚时间尺度很快变得与m_2/m_1无关，而对于相等的平均数密度，涌现时间尺度随m_2/m_1的增加而减小。
英文摘要：
Using wave kinetics, we estimate the emergence time-scale of gravitating Bose-Einstein condensates/Bose stars in the kinetic regime for a general multicomponent Schrödinger-Poisson (SP) system. We identify some effects of the diffusion and friction pieces in the wave-kinetic Boltzmann equation (at leading order in perturbation theory) and provide estimates for the kinetic nucleation rate of condensates. We test our analysis using full $3+1$ dimensional simulations of multicomponent SP system. With an eye towards applications to multicomponent dark matter, we investigate two general cases in detail. First is a massive spin-$s$ field with $N=2s+1$ components (scalar $s=0$, vector $s=1$ and tensor $s=2$). We find that for a democratic population of different components, the condensation time-scale is $τ_{(s)}\approx τ_0\times N$, where $τ_0$ is the condensation time scale for the scalar case. Second is the case of two scalars with different boson masses. In this case, we map-out how the condensation time depends on the ratios of their average mass densities and boson masses, revealing competition and assistance between components, and a guide towards which component condenses first. For instance, with $m_1 < m_2$ and not too disparate mass densities, we verify that the time scale of condensation of the first species quickly becomes independent of $m_2/m_1$, whereas for equal average number densities, the emergence time scale decreases with increasing $m_2/m_1$.
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