球状星团中的致密星能否约束暗物质？
Could compact stars in globular clusters constrain dark matter?
AI总结：
本研究通过球对称Jeans分析球状星团M4的恒星数据，未发现暗物质存在证据并给出其密度上限，指出球状星团不适合作为揭示暗物质微观性质的观测实验室。
摘要：
球状星团是高度致密的引力束缚恒星系统，其暗物质含量尚不明确。由于它们的质光比通常在1-3太阳单位之间，暗物质的动力学质量至多与恒星质量相当，因此该含量通常也无法探明。即便如此，近期文献中的研究假设暗物质密度约为1000 GeV/cm³，以此对球状星团M4内白矮星中暗物质的俘获与湮灭设置约束，并研究暗物质对致密星的诸多其他效应。受这些研究启发，我们利用M4中恒星运动学和光度的测量数据，通过球对称Jeans分析（金斯分析）寻找暗物质成分；我们未发现其存在的证据，并首次给出了M4暗物质分布的经验限制。我们得到的密度上限——在距M4中心1秒差距处为数×10⁴ GeV/cm³——既未否定也未证实上述研究结论，但排除了利用M4对通过动力学加热白矮星的非湮灭型暗物质设置限制的可能，因为这类暗物质需要至少10⁵ GeV/cm³的密度。球状星团作为动力学系统的非稳健性，加之有证据表明它们可能在无暗物质的情况下由分子气体云形成，使得它们不适合作为在当前或计划中的观测中揭示暗物质微观性质的实验室。
英文摘要：
The dark matter content of globular clusters, highly compact gravity-bound stellar systems, is unknown. It is also generally unknow*able*, due to their mass-to-light ratios typically ranging between 1$-$3 in solar units, accommodating a dynamical mass of dark matter at best comparable to the stellar mass. That said, recent claims in the literature assume densities of dark matter around 1000 GeV/cm$^3$ to set constraints on its capture and annihilation in white dwarfs residing in the globular cluster M4, and to study a number of other effects of dark matter on compact stars. Motivated by these studies, we use measurements of stellar kinematics and luminosities in M4 to look for a dark matter component via a spherical Jeans analysis; we find no evidence for it, and set the first empirical limits on M4's dark matter distribution. Our density upper limits, a few $\times \ 10^4$ GeV/cm$^3$ at 1 parsec from the center of M4, do not negate the claims (nor confirm them), but do preclude the use of M4 for setting limits on non-annihilating dark matter kinetically heating white dwarfs, which require at least $10^5$ GeV/cm$^3$ densities. The non-robust nature of globular clusters as dynamical systems, combined with evidence showing that they may originate from molecular gas clouds in the absence of dark matter, make them unsuitable as laboratories to unveil dark matter's microscopic nature in current or planned observations.
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